Showing papers in "Physiology & Behavior in 1993"

TL;DR: The effects on anxiety and risk assessment of exposure to a cat were tested in hooded rats and the potential of this phenomenon as a model of generalized anxiety disorder found in PTSD is discussed.

TL;DR: Intermittent brief social stress is sufficient to induce profound changes in defensive behavior and long-lasting depression of circadian rhythmicity that persist for weeks.

TL;DR: It is demonstrated that DBA/2 and T1 males react very differently to prior novelty experience, with enhanced anxiety evident in the former and reduced anxiety in the latter, which point to a range of organismic and procedural variables that may account for inconsistencies in the literature on the elevated plus-maze.

TL;DR: The effect of sustained (3 week) flavor enhancement of typical institutional foods on the diet, health, and well being of 39 elderly retirement-home residents was evaluated and biochemical measures of health status were obtained.

TL;DR: FSL rats appear more prone than the FRL rats to chronic, as well as immediate acute, stress-induced anhedonic effects, and this outcome further supports the notion that the FSL rat is a useful model of a genetic predisposition to depressive-like reactions.

TL;DR: Conditioned flavor preferences, based on the postingestive consequences of fat intake, may contribute to children's preferences for foods high in dietary fat.

TL;DR: Results are not only consistent with the anxiety hypothesis of defeat analgesia but also show that the elevated plus-maze test is sensitive to alterations in anxiety produced by ecologically relevant stimuli.

TL;DR: It is indicated that female gonadal hormones play an important role both organizationally and activationally in plus-maze behavior.

TL;DR: Investigating whether the spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR) strain is a useful animal model of ADHD found that the SHR is less active than both the Wistar and Sprague-Dawley strains, but more active than PVG and WKY.

TL;DR: CAP rate, that measures the effort of the brain to maintain sleep, is increased by all conditions that induce vigilance instability such as noise, clinical insomnia, interictal EEG paroxysms, nocturnal seizures, periodic leg movements, and in certain extreme pathologic conditions such as Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and stage 2 coma.

TL;DR: The findings indicated that, in the situation studied, the 22 kHz vocalization of adult rats consists of two distinguishable subpopulation of calls: short and long with the boundary between them at 300 ms.

TL;DR: The results indicate that not only body size but also the pattern and amounts of nutrients ingested by humans in natural environments are strongly influenced by the immediate environment and heredity, but not at all by the familial environment.

TL;DR: Rats exposed for 5 min to a phobic stimulus (the odor of a cat) had plasma corticosterone concentrations significantly higher than those exposed to a neutral odor and than a group remaining undisturbed in the animal house.

TL;DR: Ingestion of noncaloric beverages, diet sodas, and coffee or tea, were associated with low overall intakes but were not found to influence the amount eaten over the course of the day or in individual meals.

TL;DR: During the night, relative to the dim-light condition, BL significantly increased subjective and objective (EEG test) alertness and improved performances and partly counteracted the effects of sleep deprivation and/or the circadian trough on Alertness and performances.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluated the effect of age, gender and gonadectomy on the antinociception of morphine in male and female rats, with male rats displaying greater magnitudes of effects than females and castrated males.

TL;DR: Midlife onset caloric restriction increased longevity and preserved strength, coordination, and spontaneous alternation behavior, and altered responses to enclosed alleys.

TL;DR: The results suggest that CRF may play a role in central regulation of feeding behavior intake in goldfish, and show thatCRF effects are time- and dose-dependent.

TL;DR: It is suggested that exposure to a 2-h isolation period could be a useful nonpharmacological means of generating anxiety in laboratory rodents by reducing the number of entries and time spent in the open arms of the plus-maze.

TL;DR: The studies suggest that the steroid hormone milieu in WKY rats may be responsible for these behavioral changes as well as the stress responsiveness in this stress-susceptible rat strain.

TL;DR: An important role is suggested for the lateral septum in the inhibition of anxiety and in the acquisition of behaviors reinforced by alleviation of anxiety in rats in the water-lick conflict test.

TL;DR: The results suggest that melatonin may be involved in mediating the effects of light on temperature and alertness and that 500 lx may be near the threshold for significant melatonin suppression, temperature enhancement, and increases in alertness.

TL;DR: The idea that metabolic differences promoted by social stress may be involved in the rouping effect on heterogeneous growth in the Nile tilapia is corroborated.

TL;DR: The data suggest that prolactin acts both peripherally and centrally to regulate energy balance in the female rat, and is likely to contribute to the hyperphagia of lactation.

TL;DR: The results indicate that rhIL-1 beta and LPS do not affect feeding through exactly the same mechanism and crosstolerance or -sensitization between both compounds did not affect the anorectic response to LPS.

TL;DR: Serum corticosterone, glucose, lactate, phosphorus levels, and the anion gap were increased significantly, whereas carbon dioxide and potassium levels were consistently decreased by testing, as was the potassium/phosphorus ratio; creatinine, triglycerides, and magnesium were not altered significantly in any study.

TL;DR: Object recognition was not significantly affected by aging even at a longer retention interval, but spatial recognition was significantly impaired in 18- and 24-month groups, suggesting the existence of two dissociable neural systems, respectively involved in object and spatial recognition.

TL;DR: Data show that chickens respond to both peripheral and central injections of endotoxin by reducing food consumption, increasing somnolence, becoming febrile, and elevating plasma corticosterone, however, the magnitude of these responses depends upon whether LPS acts at central or peripheral sites.

TL;DR: Results are interpreted to indicate that LPS induces hyperthermia in the chicken by activating a PG system in the brain, consistent with the hypothesis that multiple PG systems are activated during the acute-phase response, which may explain the dissociation between mechanisms controlling the behavioral and physiological responses to infection.

TL;DR: There was a positive correlation between the time spent sucking the teat and the increase in insulin and CCK concentrations, and the performance of normal appetitive feeding behavior can directly affect digestive hormone secretion even if nutrient intake is not affected.