Showing papers in "Placenta in 2001"

TL;DR: It is concluded that increased superoxide generation was associated with decreased SOD activity and mRNA expression for CuZn-SOD in trophoblast cells isolated from pre-eclamptic placentae, which support the notion of increased oxidative stress in the pre- eclamaptic placenta, which may contribute to the pathophysiology of this pregnancy disorder.

TL;DR: It is found that abnormal uterine artery Doppler flow was strongly associated with pregnancy complications and there is a gradient in the severity of uteroplacental vascular pathology and the correlation withregnancy complications is not as strong as previously thought.

TL;DR: SGA infants had smaller placentae than the controls, suggesting that fetal growth depends on the actual weight of the placenta, and whether growth restriction could be reversed by therapeutic approaches increasing placental weight.

TL;DR: New evidence that the uterine glands discharge secretions into the intervillous space until at least 8 weeks of pregnancy, and that these are taken up by the syncytiotrophoblast is cast doubt on the validity of the assumption that this transition occurs soon after implantation in the human.

TL;DR: The present study suggests that altered expression of the syncytin gene, and altered cellular location of its protein product, may contribute to the aetiology of pre-eclampsia.

TL;DR: The data which illustrate the interconversion and nitrogen exchange of three groups of amino acids, glutamine-glutamate, BCAAs and serine-glycine, within the Placenta are discussed in terms of the potential role such pathways may serve for other placenta functions.

TL;DR: A review of current data pertaining to angiogenesis of pregnancy, with specific emphasis on implantation and placental and embryonic development in both normal physiology processes and various pathological conditions is presented.

TL;DR: Higher levels of protein carbonyls and lower antioxidant capacity in both placenta and decidua in pre-eclampsia with concurrent HELLP syndrome as compared to healthy pregnancy may indicate that considerable ROS-mediated damage occurs in this disorder.

TL;DR: Electron paramagnetic spin trap resonance (EPR), the most direct method to detect free radicals in tissues, was used to measure superoxide levels in placentae from normal pregnancies and pregnancies complicated by PE, lending direct support to the hypothesis that oxidative stress in placental tissue is increased in PE.

TL;DR: A prospective, randomized blinded trial of antioxidant therapy during pregnancy is needed to evaluate this approach for the prevention of PPROM.

TL;DR: The results support the widely accepted role for sex steroids in the regulation of their receptors and indicate that there is paracrine regulation of steroid receptor expression in the bovine uterus.

TL;DR: It is suggested that maternal food restriction not only reduces fetal and placental weights, but also induces structural alterations in the placenta that indicate functional impairment beyond what would be expected for the reduction in its weight.

TL;DR: In this article, human placenta and two cell types in placentae (cytotrophoblasts and macrophages) were examined by RT-PCR for transcripts of the eight TNF superfamily ligands known to induce death of activated immune cells, tumour cells, and virus-infected cells (TNFalpha, LT alpha, LT beta, FasL, TRAIL, TWEAK, Light, 4-1BBL).

TL;DR: Data suggest that, in vivo there may be a "Th2 type cytokine bias" orchestrated by the trophoblast, and it is proposed that other cytokines (including IL-10 and TNF-alpha) are produced by decidual leukocytes, and not cytotrophoblow, at the maternal-fetal interface.

TL;DR: This study demonstrates that AV anastomoses are the prerequisite for the development of TTS in monochorionic placentae and the overall number of anastsomoses seen and coagulated during fetoscopy is higher than reported in postnatal studies.

TL;DR: The data suggest that M30 is superior to the TUNEL reaction as a marker for the detection of trophoblast apoptosis since it is easier to handle, more specific for apoptosis and less prone to artifacts.

TL;DR: The BT-1 trophoblastic cell line could serve as a powerful model system for the study of trophoblast cell lineage and proliferation and was found that the cell growth was accelerated in fibroblast-conditioned medium.

TL;DR: The presence of AQP3 and AQP9 in the apical membranes of HST is reported using RT-PCR, immunoblotting and immunohistochemistry to speculate that these proteins could be involved in the transport of water and solutes from mother to fetus.

TL;DR: The correlation between placental volume and maternal serum screening parameters might provide a chance to refine first trimester Down's syndrome serum screening.

TL;DR: Patterns of heterogeneity, proliferative activity and inflammatory activation may underlie the specific physiological roles of the placental endothelium in human normal term placentae.

TL;DR: Variations in apoptosis between mononuclear trophoblasts and differentiated multinucleated syncytiotrophoblasts using a range of cytotoxic agents may reflect functional differences between placental cellular andsyncytial components and may highlight the importance of exogenous stimulation in various stages of placental development.

TL;DR: Comparative studies of placental function normally are confined to primates, rodents, lagomorphs and domestic animals: the biological diversity represented by mammals that evolved in ancient Africa and South America is not represented and future comparative studies should strive to include species such as the rock hyrax and the armadillo.

TL;DR: It is concluded that the thyroid sodium iodide symporter (NIS) is expressed in placenta and may mediate placental iodide transport.

TL;DR: Since the anastomotic pattern is dynamic in the first half of pregnancy this hypothesis predicts that it will not be possible to devise a clinical test at 12 weeks that will predict with certainty the outcome of monochorionic twin pregnancies in relation to TTTS because this depends on random subsequent events.

TL;DR: In this article, the distribution of matrixmetalloproteinases (MMPs) and tissue inhibitors of matrix metallopproteinases (TIMPs) was demonstrated immunohistochemically in the bovine placenta and interplacentomal tissue.

TL;DR: In the first weeks of pregnancy, columns of endovascular cytotrophoblastic plugs develop in the lumen of spiral arteries and these modifications appear to govern the establishment of a low-pressure blood flow in the placenta, and hence determine the quality of uteroplacental circulation and normal fetal growth.

TL;DR: Findings confirm that the incidence of syncytial knots increases during gestation and contributes to trophoblast thickness variability and support the notion that fibrinoid deposition during normal gestation is influenced by the quality of vascular perfusion but also emphasize that the villous surface is another important factor.

TL;DR: Placental hypoxia, ischaemia, reperfusion and resultant oxidative stress, with the release of various factors into the maternal vasculature acting as mediators of endothelial cell dysfunction, play an important role in the development of pre-eclampsia.

TL;DR: It is proposed that such a mechanism would allow the placenta to modulate fat supply to the fetus in response to the fetal demand relative to placental supply.

TL;DR: Placentae of women with high resistance uterine perfusion in the second trimester are already remarkably small in the first trimester, suggesting placental volumetry is probably an efficient method for early and simple identification of impaired trophoblast invasion.