Showing papers in "Planetary and Space Science in 1965"

TL;DR: In this article, a general expression for the particle diffusion coefficient kij, including both scattering in magnetic irregularities and systematic pressure drifts, was derived from the condition that energetic solar particles in interplanetary space random walk in the irregularities in the large-scale inter-planetary magnetic field, and the observed fields show that the diffusion coefficient is of the order of 1021-1022 cm2/sec.

TL;DR: In this article, the drag of artificial earth satellites is reconsidered in the light of recent studies of gas-surface interactions and atmospheric composition between heights of 140 and 400 km at low solar activity or heights of 600 km at high solar activity.

TL;DR: In this paper, anisotropic diffusion of cosmic rays in the interplanetary medium is discussed with the assumption that the fluctuating component of the magnetic field produces a scattering effect which can be described by a simple mean free path treatment.

TL;DR: In this article, a simple model for solar cosmic ray events is described, based on some earlier models, together with the assumption that the diffusion of particles is strongly anisotropic due to the presence of the interplanetary magnetic field.

TL;DR: The magnetospheric boundary which is the interface between solar wind and the magnetosphere is viewed as a surface of hydromagnetic Kelvin-Helmholtz discontinuity and the crucial effect of compressibility on its stability is discussed in this article.

TL;DR: In this paper, the brightness as function of elongation in terms of ecliptic coordinates is discussed in the context of night sky observations of zodiacal light, discussing brightness as a function of length.

TL;DR: In this paper, it is argued that the source of the sudden impulse is due to the arrival at the magnetosphere of an interplanetary shock wave, pointing backward to the Sun and being simultaneously convected outward by the flow of the solar wind.

TL;DR: In this paper, the spatial configuration of the energetic particles that cause the aurora is described, based on an open tail model of the magnetosphere, where magnetic flux originating poleward of the auroral zones fills the open tail, which stretches out away from the Earth in the anti-Sun direction.

TL;DR: In this article, the results of observations extending over a period of one year from February 1963 to January 1964 were presented, and the results for the electron temperature were compared with results obtained using the Explorer VIII, Explorer XVII and Ariel satellites.

TL;DR: In this paper, the diurnal variation of electron content of telemetry transmissions from Syncom III at the University of Hawaii and at Stanford University have been investigated. But the results showed that the results were not properly understood.

TL;DR: In this paper, rates for thermal ion-molecule reactions of considerable importance in the ionosphere have been measured by a flowing, steady state afterglow technique, and a comparison of them with previous measurements is made.

TL;DR: In this paper, a method was developed to separate transverse Alfven and magnetosonie waves from the satellite results, and evidence of transverse waves originating in the magnetosphere and propagated to the surface of the Earth was found.

TL;DR: In this paper, electron temperature and ion density measurements for ionospheric behavior at time of solar minimum, using Explorer XVII satellite, were performed using the Explorer VIIII satellite.

TL;DR: In this paper, the possible excitation mechanisms for triplet metastable helium in the upper atmosphere are considered in some detail and it is concluded that excitation by photoelectron impact is the most likely production mechanism.

TL;DR: Atmospheric data from Explorer XVII mass spectrometer, giving data analysis converting ion currents into number densities of ambient constituents as discussed by the authors, showing that ion currents in the atmosphere are highly correlated with ambient constituents.

TL;DR: In this article, a wake depleted of ions and electrons was observed and evidence for the existence of a kind of turbulence in the wake in which strong rapid oscillations occur, and a comparison was made with present theories and with similar measurements from the Explorer VIII satellite.

TL;DR: The rate coefficient for the reaction N 2 + + O → NO + + N at 300°K has been measured to be k 1a = 2.5(± 1) × 10 −10 cm 3 se −1 as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that these spectra can be used to evaluate the plasma density in the outer magnetosphere (five to eight Earth radii) in a way analogous to that used for VLF whistlers.

TL;DR: In this paper, a scale model of the geomagnetic tail of the Earth's magnetic field and plasma was constructed from three directions, and it was concluded that the usual determination of the invariant latitude of the neutral points is in error because of neglect of Earth currents.

TL;DR: In this article, atmospheric density and temperature measurements using Explorer XVII satellite and comparison with satellite drag-determined densities using satellite drag determined densities are presented. But they do not compare the two measurements.

TL;DR: A wide field of auroral precipitation studies is reviewed in this article with the objectives of relating them to a model magnetosphere and understanding the processes involved, and three zones of precipitation are recognized and defined for an average (quiet) level of geomagnetic activity.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors measured the radiance of the Moon at phase angles |g| < 5 ° on plates taken at the Kirkwood and Yerkes Observatories during the lunar eclipse of 18 November 1956.

TL;DR: In this article, a doubleetalon Fabry-Perot spectrometer was employed in a search for the atomic oxygen dayglow emission at 6300 A. The observed brightnesses were approximately 10 kR, and the temperature deduced from the Doppler line width is estimated to be in excess of 1200°K.

TL;DR: In this paper, it has been proposed to create an artificial ion cloud in interplanetary space for studying the state of the inter-planetary medium and the minimum masses required are estimated.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compared the absorption and the particle flux of a satellite passing overhead with the flux of energetic particles detected simultaneously by a satellite, and the observed relationship was discussed in the light of computations of the absorption, based on the rates of ion production.

TL;DR: In this paper, an average over three winters shows a diurnal variation in the energy spectrum with a hardening in the spectral shape between 20 and 01 local time, and an unexpected high and variable light intensity corresponding to zero riometer absorption is also discussed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the worldwide positive-negative (SI+-SI−) impulse pair observed on geomagnetic records is found in several instances to be recurrent and associated with M-region disturbances from this is deduced an extension of the model of an earlier paper, where an interplanetary shock ensemble model consisting of a forward and reverse pointing shock strongly converted outward in the solar wind was postulated as the source of the SI+-si− pair.

TL;DR: In this paper, the phase and group refractive index for any wave normal direction were derived and the maximum deviation of the ray path from a field line from a magnetic field line was shown to be small.