Showing papers in "Process Safety and Environmental Protection in 1999"

TL;DR: In this article, the sorption of lead ions onto peat has been studied and the equilibrium isotherms have been measured and modelled, and a pseudo-second order kinetic model has been proposed to correlate the experimental data.

TL;DR: In this article, a two-step procedure is presented to generate a selection of alternative water reuse networks handling single contaminants and having the same raw water consumption and wastewater generation, without resorting to graphical solutions.

TL;DR: This is the first in a series of papers which describes progress in the emulation of hazard identification in the style of HAZOP, embodied in a computer aid for hazard identification, orHAZOP emulator, HAZID.

TL;DR: A comprehensive overview of the history of loss prevention in chemical plants can be found in this paper, where the authors present the present status of the field and summarize its distinguishing features, such as quantification of risk, identification of hazards by Hazop, audits, inherently safer design, more thorough investigation of incidents, better incident reports and the study in much greater depth than before of explosions, runaway reactions and the dispersion of leaks.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the environmental impact of recycling glass and found that the energy saved by recycling glass reached a maximum of 4 MJ per kg of produced glass at a recovery rate of 83% and a practical rate might be between 65 and 72%, corresponding to site densities of 10-15 per 10,000 people, yielding savings of 3.3-3.7 MJ perkg produced glass.

TL;DR: In this article, a Vapour cloud explosion which occurred in a large fuel storage area close to the harbour of Naples (Italy) was analysed by different methods, including post-accident damage analysis (minimum overpressure experienced by different items) and by the seismograms recorded at different stations at the time of explosion (explosion duration and intensity).

TL;DR: In this article, the crossing point temperature (CPT), where the heat conduction diminishes at the centre of a symmetrical exothermically reactive solid (or an assembly of packed solid particles), can be considerably different from the set oven temperature during a transient basket heating procedure for measuring exothermic reactivity.

TL;DR: This paper follows the development of that set of analytical techniques which together form probabilistic risk (or safety) assessment through its most formative years (1975-1985) by means of examples drawn from the definitive calculations of the period.

TL;DR: In this paper, three configurations for dual anaerobic digestion were examined and the results showed that dual digestion can be operated with retention times in the first-stage digesters much lower than suggested previously.

TL;DR: In this article, a system has been developed linking computerized PTWs with an incident database: the system examines the nature of the job, equipment and chemicals specified on the PTW and draws users' attention to relevant incident reports without requiring explicit searches or further data; unknown or forgotten hazards are highlighted when preventative action may still be taken.

TL;DR: In this paper, an organophilic pillared clays-based adsorbent was prepared by incorporating a cationic surfactant, hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA), during the synthesis of conventional aluminium pillared clay.

TL;DR: The present paper describes the unit model system of HAZID, one of a suite of codes developed as part of the STOPHAZ project, which is embodied in a computer aid for hazard identification, or HAZOP emulator,HAZID.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of adding gallic acid, an inhibitory compound, and glucose to well mixed batch digesters and to a two-stage digestion system was examined.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examine the following aspects of offshore safety in oil and gas production systems before and after the Piper Alpha disaster: regulation/legislation; research/risk modelling; general safety trends.

TL;DR: In this article, an electrochemical cell with one working electrode and two counter electrodes was used for the removal of 4-Cl -phenol from a dimensional stable anode (DSA), where four counter electrodes (lead, zinc, brass and copper) were tested under different pH values.

TL;DR: In this article, the carboxylate groups are primarily responsible for metal-sorption in marine algal biomass, including Ascophyllum nodosum, Lessonia flavicans, Laminaria hyperborea and Durvillea potatorum.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors compared the performance of BAF media with media with similar dimensions, but different surfaces, and showed the importance of measuring surface roughness, achieving an extra 29, 15, and 70% removal of suspended solids, soluble chemical oxygen demand and ammonia respectively.

TL;DR: In this paper, the chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal and respiration rates of several samples of activated sludge which were dosed with micronutrient supplements have been compared.

TL;DR: The present paper describes the fluid model system and the evaluation of consequences of HAZID, one of a suite of codes developed as part of the STOPHAZ project.

TL;DR: A review of previous theoretical, experimental and computational approaches relating aerosol explosions, and a research strategy suitable for progression towards robust quantification of this category of explosion is presented in this article.

TL;DR: In this paper, an optimization of a sequential anaerobic-aerobic treatment system to determine ideal reactor sizes for reduction of organic matter (COD) in fishing effluents to legal standards at minimal costs was performed.

TL;DR: In this paper, the direct impact of two aluminium-based chemicals (aluminium sulphate and an aluminium based polyelectrolyte compound) on an activated sludge pilot plant was investigated.

TL;DR: The Tewarson apparatus is a combustion calorimeter developed by Factory Mutual Research Corporation in the USA in the 1970s as discussed by the authors, which is used at the Rhone-Poulenc Decines Centre to study the combustion of plastics, fabrics, chemicals and pesticides on 30 g samples in a 0.1m diameter glass dish.

TL;DR: Preliminary characterization has shown that the cultures responsible for iodobenzene and bromobenzenes biodegradation are strains of Pseudomonas putida, which is particularly interesting since published literature shows no previous report of similar results.

TL;DR: In this paper, water was introduced as a film upstream of the venturi operating with throat gas velocities of 53-73 ms −1 and liquid to gas ratios in the range 0.75-21m −3.

TL;DR: In this article, the identification and control of process hazards is a technical activity linked closely to the technology of individual manufacturing processes, and it is shown that safety requires ongoing experimental research.

TL;DR: In this article, the dynamic behavior of an atmospheric liquid storage tank upon sudden change of meteorological conditions is analyzed with the aim of establishing criteria for the safe and effective design of thermal breathing devices.