Showing papers in "Progress in Lipid Research in 2009"

TL;DR: The evidence suggests that replacing saturated fats and trans fatty acids with unsaturated (polyunsaturated and/or monounsaturated) fats has beneficial effects on insulin sensitivity and is likely to reduce risk of type 2 diabetes.

TL;DR: Endocrine and autocrine/paracrine factors cooperate and lead to a fine regulation of lipolysis in adipocytes, which has therapeutic potential in the metabolic disorders frequently associated with obesity and probably in several inborn errors of metabolism.

TL;DR: This review describes the coordinated pathways of lipid metabolism, storage and mobilization in this yeast, focusing in particular on the roles and regulation of the various enzymes and organelles involved in these processes.

TL;DR: This work will review available data on different steps of hepatic lipid metabolism in NAFLD and recent advances in understanding molecular mechanisms underlying hepatic fat accumulation in these subjects.

TL;DR: Greater knowledge and understanding of how the digestive system treats, transports and utilizes lipids will allow the microstructural design of foods to achieve a specific, controlled physiological response.

TL;DR: It is proposed, based upon previous work and that of others, that ALA is elongated and desaturated in a tissue-dependent manner and its dietary inclusion is critical for maintaining tissue long chain n-3 levels.

TL;DR: This review aims at giving an overview on plant, fungal, algal and bacterial oxylipins and the enzymes responsible for their biosynthesis.

TL;DR: The aim here is to critically assess the quality of the present literature as well as the potential of omega3 fatty acids to treat or delay the onset of AD, and to draw attention to an emerging mechanism that may explain how DHA could be linked to protecting brain function in the elderly.

TL;DR: This review summarizes recent developments on placental fatty acid transport and metabolisms, and the regulatory roles of these proteins in these processes.

TL;DR: The structural and biological properties of all the known mammalian phosphoinositide kinases and phosphoinosiside phosphatases, as well as their associations with human disorders, are summarized.

TL;DR: This review brings, in a concise manner, most of the currently available information about these FAs, their occurrence in different organisms, their structure and other properties, to provide an impetus for further research into these very interesting compounds whose chemical, biochemical and biological properties are poorly known.

TL;DR: In this article, a review summarizes background and recent progress in the metabolism of dietary and endogenous sphingolipids in the gut and its pathophysiological implications, as well as the progress of inflammation and responsiveness of the mucosal cells to pathogens.

TL;DR: The goal of this review is to analyze present knowledge concerning the main steps of intestinal fat absorption from LCFA uptake to lipoprotein release and to assess their impact on health.

TL;DR: Protein S-palmitoylation, the most common lipid modification with the 16-carbon fatty acid palmitate, provides an important mechanism for regulating protein trafficking and function as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Pharmacological inhibition of glycosphingolipid synthesis is found to markedly improve insulin sensitivity in rodent models of insulin resistance, and may offer an attractive new treatment modality for obesity-induced insulin resistance and type II diabetes.

TL;DR: The involvement of AEA and related ECS elements in regulating embryo oviductal transport, blastocyst implantation and placental development, and sperm survival, motility, capacitation and acrosome reaction will be addressed, as well as the role of endocannabinoids in sperm-oviduct interactions.

TL;DR: The putative combined role of AMP-activated kinase and mitochondrial glycerol-3-phosphate transferase on the intra-muscular partitioning of MUFA and SFA provides new areas of research to better understand the beneficial effects of the Mediterranean diet and physical activity on obesity and diabetes.

TL;DR: Thespandrel-LDL theory proposes that LDL is a spandrel of VLDL selection, which appeared non-adaptively and may later have become crucial for vertebrate fitness.

TL;DR: This work has shown, in vivo, how changes in VLDL-apolipoprotein B-100 metabolism in the liver can effect changes inVDL-TAG metabolism inThe periphery, and indicates that Resistance exercise is more potent than endurance exercise in this respect.

TL;DR: Increased circulating NEFA may be directly contributing to systemic inflammation, thereby increasing susceptibility of individuals to chronic inflammatory diseases, including respiratory disease, cardiovascular disease and diabetes.

TL;DR: A review of evidence obtained by recent studies to gain general insights into the roles of membrane-deforming domains in a variety of biological events suggests BAR and F-BAR/EFC domains form crescent-shaped dimers, suggesting a preference for a curved membrane, which is important for curvature sensing.

TL;DR: Connections are established between recent discoveries in lipid droplet biology and novel views in the pathology of the metabolic syndrome to bring together the new concepts produced in these two separated fields and show the way towards the definition of innovative strategies to treat metabolic diseases.

TL;DR: The hypothesis that during periods of food deprivation ghrelin acts as an energy deficit signal, defending the fat stored in responsive WAT against the forces of utilization is proposed, which has clear implications for programmes of sustainable weight loss.