Showing papers in "Regulatory Peptides in 1999"

TL;DR: DPP IV appears to be a major physiological regulator for some regulatory peptides, neuropeptides, circulating hormones and chemokines, especially for the insulinotropic hormone GLP-1, which has been tested to enhance insulin secretion and to improve glucose tolerance in diabetic animals.

TL;DR: The innervation of orexin neurons by peptidergic fibers corresponding to leptin-responsive cell types that reside in the arcuate nucleus may have a role in linking peripheral metabolic cues to autonomic regulatory sites and the cerebral cortical mantle, providing a neuroanatomic basis for regulation of feeding behavior.

TL;DR: The angiotensin AT2 receptor subtype was recently cloned and pharmacologically characterized but its function still remains elusive and controversial, and could contribute to the understanding of the clincial beneficial effects of the AT1 receptor antagonists.

TL;DR: Guanylin peptides are clearly involved in the regulation of salt and water homeostasis, but new findings indicate that these novel peptides have diverse physiological roles in addition to those previously documented for control of intestinal and renal function.

TL;DR: The wide distribution of PrRP and its receptor suggests that they have various functions not only in the pituitary gland but also in the other tissues, indicating that PrRP mRNA does not always parallel with mature PrRP in tissue distribution.

TL;DR: Despite the lack of degradation of these GLp-1 analogues by DPP IV in vitro, their biological action is as short as that of GLP-1, except for desamino-GLP- 1, indicating that other degradation enzymes are important in vivo.

TL;DR: The object of this review is to describe the role of the renin-angiotensin system in control of aldosterone secretion and the activity of this intra-adrenal RAS is unmasked and amplified in nephrectomised animals.

TL;DR: The diverse ways in which Ang II and NO interact are focused on, and the importance of maintaining a balance between these two important mediators is focused on.

TL;DR: A hierarchy of post-AT1 receptor binding events is predicted that the coupling of AT1 receptors is tightly regulated, allowing cells to differentiate acute responses from those requiring longer periods of stimulation.

TL;DR: Pharmacological studies in snakes and fish and with the recombinantally expressed chicken BK receptor have demonstrated that the BK receptors in the tissues of non-mammalian vertebrates have appreciably different ligand binding properties from the well-characterized mammalian B1 and B2 receptors.

TL;DR: There is now a body of evidence implicating the RAS in pathophysiologies associated with reproductive function, which gives rise to the possibility that drugs acting on the R AS might ameliorate some of these disorders.

TL;DR: A picture is emerging of widespread, neuronally localized, heterogeneously regulated, closely associated brain angiotensin receptor subtypes, modulating multiple functions including neuroendocrine and autonomic responses, stress, cerebrovascular flow, and perhaps brain maturation, neuronal plasticity, memory and behavior.

TL;DR: The historical background leading to the discovery of aldosterone in the 1950s and the recognition in the 1960s that angiotensin II was involved in its control are described and specific AT1 receptor antagonists are now clinically used to block angioten II's action on various target organs, including the adrenal gland.

TL;DR: This pattern of distribution suggests that angiotensin, acting through the AT1 receptor, would act as a neuromodulator or neurotransmitter in the human central nervous system to influence fluid and electrolyte homeostasis, pituitary hormone release and autonomic control of cardiovascular function.

TL;DR: Radioligand binding assays in the presence of selective Ang II antagonists DUP 753 and PD 123319 suggest the unique presence of AT1, receptors in rat glomeruli and a possible role in the control of the biological renal effects of Ang-(1-7).

TL;DR: One of the interesting features of PACAP is its superior potency when compared with other neuropeptides identified in the gut, and the involvement of a number of different second messenger systems upon PACAP receptor activation.

TL;DR: The results suggest that the protective effects of ischemic preconditioning are mediated by endogenous CGRP in the isolated rat heart.

TL;DR: Examining the effects of three chronic stressors upon food intake in wildtype and CRH-deficient mice created by targeted inactivation of the CRH gene has found that both genotypes have similar basal food intake which initially decreases to the same degree following initiation of each stress paradigm.

TL;DR: The data show that VIP, without affecting cell proliferation, can stimulate osteoblastic ALP biosynthesis and bone noduli formation by a mechanism mediated by cyclic AMP, suggesting a possibility that anabolic processes in bone are under neurohormonal control.

TL;DR: Nociceptin/OFQ potentiated formalin-induced pain response and antagonized opioid analgesia in the rat brain but inhibited pain response in the spinal cord.

TL;DR: The concept of circulatory homeostasis, and the endocrine properties of plasma AngII involved in maintaining same, need each be broadened to encompass auto- and paracrine effects of AngII produced within connective tissues, where it contributes to their homeostatic regulation of structure and composition.

TL;DR: In tissue of psoriasis patients significantly more PACAP-38 protein was detected as compared to normal skin, indicating a possible role for PACAP -38 in inflammatory processes of Psoriasis.

TL;DR: CCK accelerates ulcer healing by the mechanism involving upregulation of specific CCK-A receptors, enhancement of somatostatin release, stimulation of sensory nerves and hyperemia in the ulcer area, possibly mediated by NO.

TL;DR: The conclusion is that the signalling chain: receptor tyrosine kinase ==> Gs protein ==> AC is involved in the mechanism of relaxin action.

TL;DR: Several quinoline and imidazo[1,2-a]pyridine derivatives have been shown by Fujisawa to possess high affinity and selectivity for kinin B2 receptors, whileFR 173657 displayed excellent in vitro and in vivo antagonistic activity, while FR 190997 emerged as the first nonpeptide agonist for B2 receptor.

TL;DR: The intensity of expression of IGF-1 and its receptor is not reduced at 42 days compared to 15 days following injury, support a role for IGF- 1 in smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration and the sustained increase in TGF-beta could facilitate extracellular matrix (ECM) accumulation.

TL;DR: The elevated expression of AT4 receptors, in both the neointima and media of arteries, following balloon injury to the endothelium, suggests a role for the peptide in the adaptive response and remodelling of the vascular wall following damage.

TL;DR: The unchanged Ang-(1-7) excretion in transgenic hypertensive (Tg+) rats after inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system agrees with the previous finding of a reduced plasma clearance of the peptide in this model of hypertension.

TL;DR: Widespread distribution of Y1 receptors in the colonic epithelium and mucosal nerve fibers suggests diverse regulatory roles for peptide YY in modulating epithelial function as well as secretomotor reflexes in response to lumenal peptideYY-release signals.

TL;DR: The hypertension associated with lack of endogenous ANP is due to elevated TPR, which is determined by an increase in cardiovascular autonomic tone.