Showing papers in "Safety Science in 2000"

TL;DR: It is concluded that safety climate might be considered an alternative safety performance indicator and that research should focus on its scientific validity.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effects of general organizational climate on safety climate and safety performance and found that safety climate was related to self-reports of compliance with safety regulations and procedures as well as participation in safety-related activities within the workplace.

TL;DR: The most commonly assessed dimensions relate to management (72% of studies), the safety system (67%) and risk (67%), in addition themes relating to work pressure and competence appear in a third of the studies as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: A reciprocal model of safety culture drawn from Social Cognitive Theory (Bandura, 1986) is offered in this article to provide both a theoretical and practical framework with which to measure and analyse safety culture.

TL;DR: A dynamic optimization model is introduced that uses detailed descriptions of the operational areas and of the available resources to calculate the resource performance and efficiency for different tasks related to the response.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a joint industry and UK Health and Safety Executive research project on the assessment of safety culture in offshore environments and describe the development of a safety culture assessment methodology which is based on a systems approach to organisational culture.

TL;DR: The authors locates the notion of safety culture within its parent concept of organisational culture, and draws a distinction between functionalist and interpretive perspectives on organizational culture, as well as a contrast between strategic top-down and data-driven bottom-up approaches to human factors.

TL;DR: A systems view of the organizational preconditions to technological accidents and disasters, and in particular the seminal “Man-made Disasters model” proposed by the late Professor Barry Turner is presented.

TL;DR: In this paper, a 120-item questionnaire covering eight domains of safety in three nuclear power stations was used to assess the current state of a safety culture and explore the dynamic interrelationships of its working partsandrsquo.

TL;DR: In this article, a self-regulatory model was proposed to examine how different organizations manage safety, with particular emphasis on the human and organisational aspects, and the relationships of different aspects of safety culture and safety management systems were explored through the deployment of different research measures and methods.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors test mental images of risk and present some results of a survey of safety climate, employee attitudes, risk perception and behaviour among employees within the industrial company Norsk Hydro.

TL;DR: In this paper, an understanding of safety culture as deeply rooted assumptions about the interplay of people, technology, and organization in their relation to safety is presented based on the sociotechnical systems approach.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors evaluate existing safety regulations, describes safety procedures adopted by owners, designers, contractors and insurance companies, and assesses the suitability of these regulations and procedures for Kuwait's environment and workforce.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors developed and tested four speed-reducing methods (Variable Message Sign, in-car advice, speed limiter and transverse bars) against a baseline condition.

TL;DR: To gain sufficient insight into the aetiology of crane-related damage, and establish key focus areas for future control, there is a need to establish the pattern of Crane-related damaging occurrences, which was scientifically organised using the taxonomic process involving observation, description and classification of the data into groups.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focus on the consequences of a poor safety culture on an organization's safety performance and the way organizations should be designed to facilitate a 'good' safety culture.

TL;DR: A method for systematic analysis, modeling and visualization of a rescue scenario, prepared in advance, that is applied to a rescue operation where a taskforce trains for emergency response to a chemical incident is demonstrated.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors proposed an integrated interactive environment for risk analysis applied to harbor and maritime environments, which is very effective for properly designing the harbor and marine infrastructure in terms of resources, structures and services for facing possible emergencies.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors apply a new methodological approach which departs from the unrealistic assumption that all conflicts must, and can, be resolved and that the resulting master plan represents a compromise solution being carried by all parties.

TL;DR: This work proposes a method for using communication and computing technologies for eliciting and aggregating the knowledge of multiple, geographically separate experts that improves the ability of emergency response to address two crucial factors: speed with which the response strategy is implemented and the quality of the expert knowledge.

TL;DR: The DSDT demonstrates that the optimal warning threshold, in general, differs from the signal detection theoretic (SDT) threshold, which assumes a single decision maker, and this prediction was tested in an experiment where drivers received monetary rewards for making safe passing decisions on a driving simulator.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors use the principles of marketing to address the issue that many small enterprises do not take up the opportunity of using health and safety consultants, and suggest a number of potential strategies that may be adopted by training providers, other intermediaries and consultants to encourage more take up of consultants by small enterprises and to enhance the services provided by consultants.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors assess the slip potential of various exit methods from five common commercial vehicles under “assumed” icy conditions and find that full use of the steps and grab-rails resulted in a substantial decrease in the estimated probability of a fall.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effect of filter selection on the surface parameters and their correlation with the measured friction was investigated, and the results indicated that some surface parameters, such as R sk, were significantly affected by the filter process used in surface roughness measurement, while some other surface parameters such as Δ a were significantly influenced by the band width.

TL;DR: The main result of the work was that, from the co-operative activities of these three software components, together with the human agent, the capacity to learn and adapt solutions for the current problem arises as a proper and additional feature of such hybrid system.

TL;DR: In this article, a feasibility study has been conducted concerning the use of paper cases (short written reports on real or fictitious incidents or accidents) to discriminate air traffic controllers with regard to their ability to identify human factors determinants involved in such cases.

TL;DR: In this article, a critical review of the operation of the Channel Tunnel Safety Authority (CTSA) before and since the inauguration of the tunnel system is presented, where the authors consider four major decisions in relation to the tunnel fire hazard: (1) spacing of the cross-passages that link the running tunnels to the service tunnel and form the escape routes for people caught in a fire; (2) construction of shuttle carrier wagons for heavy goods vehicles involved in the severe tunnel fire of November 1996; (3) non-segregation of car drivers and passengers from their

TL;DR: The Environmental Disasters project at the University of Alabama at Birmingham (UAB) as discussed by the authors is an effort to foster a more integrative approach to the management of chemical and nuclear accidents.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors present a cost-effectiveness analysis of a range of policy options for maintaining or improving safety in the North Sea, and a survey of the perceptions of stakeholders about the safety situation in this region.