Showing papers in "Seminars in Cell & Developmental Biology in 1997"

TL;DR: This review will focus on the identification, regulation and roles of SMases in cell function, and at least two of these SMases may regulate the intracellular levels of ceramide and subsequent ceramide-mediated responses.

TL;DR: Two neurotrophins and their two receptors appear to regulate the survival of vestibular and cochlear neurons in the developing ear and Mice lacking both BDNF and NT-3 or Trk B and Trk C, reportedly lose all innervation to the inner ear.

TL;DR: It now appears that the same proteins mediate the docking and fusion of both chromaffin granules and synaptic vesicles, and that homologues of these proteins act similarly in constitutive membrane traffic throughout evolution.

TL;DR: Diversity of post-transcriptional regulatory events may be due to combinatorial interactions with other RNA-binding proteins and multiple effectors of RNA regulation.

TL;DR: A relational database of zebrafish developmental and genetic research information accessible via the World Wide Web is built, using input from the research community to tailor the contents and usability of the database.

TL;DR: This article reviews the progress that has been made in this project and describes its two major components, CD-ROMs of the 3-D reconstructions to be held on the user's computer and a gene-expression database that will be maintained at a host site, the two being linked over the internet by a complex Java-based interface for submitting data and querying the database.

TL;DR: During development spinal networks generate recurring episodes of rhythmic bursting that can be recorded from motoneurons and interneurons, which are formulated into a qualitative model in which population behavior and self-organization are responsible for the spontaneous activity generated by developing spinal networks.

TL;DR: Animal replication-dependent histone mRNAs are subject to several post-transcriptional regulatory processes and their non-polyadenylated 3' ends are formed preferentially during S phase by a unique nuclear cleavage event, which requires the base pairing between U7 snRNA and a histone spacer element 3' of the cleavage site.

TL;DR: Close phylogenetic relations exist between molluscs and annelids, whereas nemerteans and platyhelminthes are only remotely related with each other and with mollUScs and Annelids.

TL;DR: Several cytosolic forms of calcium-independent phospholipases A2 have been purified and have diverse functions such as mediating basal fatty acyl turnover or inducing membrane alterations during ischemia.

TL;DR: The olfactory system of the sphinx moth Manduca sexta bears many similarities to its vertebrate counterpart in functional organization, physiology and development, and such studies have demonstrated the importance of regulatory interactions among sensory axons, glial cells and antennal-lobe neurons.

TL;DR: The three-dimensional structures of their isolated domains and of the multidomain core, common to all PI-PLCs, have been solved and provided insight into the domain organization of PI- PLCs and contributed towards an understanding of the molecular mechanisms of catalysis and regulation.

TL;DR: In this paper, a variety of treatments that elevate [Ca2+]i, increase tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) gene expression, indicating different calcium signalling pathways in regulating TH gene expression acting at the CRE/CaRE (cyclic AMP/calcium response element), several complexes such as ATF-1/jun and CREB/AT-1 heterodimers bind this element.

TL;DR: A review of what is known about how RNA is exported from the nucleus to the cytoplasm and how this process is regulated and what is hoped to achieve in the near future is presented.

TL;DR: The picture that is emerging is that nuclear export of mRNAs is mediated by the export of NES-containing hnRNP proteins to which they are bound, and shuttling hn RNP proteins appear to remain bound to exported m RNAs in transit through nuclear pores.

TL;DR: The experiments reveal that retinoids are a crucial component of the normal, regenerating limb and demonstrate the value of the Regenerating limb as an experimental system for providing functional data on individual retinoic acid receptors.

TL;DR: Neuroblasts in the subventricular zone of the walls of the lateral ventricle in the brain of young and adult rodents migrate into the olfactory bulb where they differentiate into local interneurons, a novel form of neuronal precursor translocation based on homotypic interactions between cells.

TL;DR: It is proposed that during early postnatal development the hippocampus exhibits an endogenous form of patterned neuronal activity that is driven by GABAergic depolarization and this recurrent activity promotes the input-specific induction of functional synapses in the CA1 region.

TL;DR: As auditory function is established in mammalian cochlear hair cells, the lateral membrane acquires certain specializations and there is a change from afferent to efferent innervation of outer hair cells.

TL;DR: In crustaceans, invariant cell lineages have been shown to occur (i) in early cleavages of several taxa and (ii) in the course of formation and differentiation of the post-naupliar germ bands in malacostracans as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: Forebrain development is dependent on the presence of the placode and subsequent innervation by olfactory axons, with the extent of this dependence declining as development advances, as well as downstream genes expressed in the anterior neural ridge and sense plate.

TL;DR: A current model of retinol and retinoic acid metabolism is discussed that integrates the various reactions which maintain retinic acid homeostasis, and will also integrate the enzymology with the functions of cellular retinoid binding proteins.

TL;DR: These results firmly establish retinoids as endogenous signaling molecules that are required for embryonic patterning.

TL;DR: Insights gained from homologies with invertebrates and from studies of tissues other than the ear, combined with discoveries from screens for mutations affecting development in the zebrafish, are beginning to reveal the genes and signalling mechanisms that control cell-fate choices in the developing inner ear.

TL;DR: The expression patterns of cell adhesion molecules and extracellular matrix components that have been described in the developing inner ear to date are summarized and suggest many potential roles for cell-cell and cell-matrix interactions in various aspects of inner ear development.

TL;DR: The design and implementation of GXD is described and, in particular, the gene expression annotator is illustrated, an electronic system for submitting expression data to the database.

TL;DR: Methods for reconstructing data from serial sections of tissues are discussed and approaches to aligning adjacent sections, removing sectioning distortions and delineating the final patterns on their embryo background so as to optimize the quality of the reconstructions are discussed.

TL;DR: The quantitatively reduced olfactory system of zebra fish, together with the suitability of this species for developmental and genetic studies, make zebrafish an interesting model system to study Olfactory differentiation and neuronal representation of olfaction information.

TL;DR: Gene deletion studies suggest that the Class IV POU-domain transcription factor Brn-3.1 is required for the development of auditory and vestibular hair cells, while Brn -3.0 is necessary for appropriate migration and numbers of spiral ganglion neurons.