Showing papers in "Sleep Medicine Reviews in 2005"

TL;DR: Although functions of this hormone in humans are mainly based on correlative observations, there is some evidence that melatonin stabilises and strengthens coupling of circadian rhythms, especially of core temperature and sleep-wake rhythms.

TL;DR: Successful use of melatonin's chronobiotic properties has been reported in other sleep disorders associated with abnormal timing of the circadian system: jetlag, shiftwork, delayed sleep phase syndrome, some sleep problems of the elderly.

TL;DR: Accumulating evidence provides support to the model of the bi-directional, feed forward, pernicious association between sleep apnea, sleepiness, inflammation, and insulin resistance, all promoting atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease.

TL;DR: The analysis used information derived from 17 different studies (involving 284 subjects) that satisfied inclusion criteria, and selected sleep onset latency, total sleep duration, and sleep efficiency were selected as the outcome measures.

TL;DR: Because cytokines regulate/modulate sleep-wake behavior in the absence of immune challenge, and cytokine concentrations and profiles are altered during infection, it is likely that cytokines mediate infection-induced alterations in sleep.

TL;DR: Although it is difficult to rule out the comorbidity of idiopathic narcolepsy in some cases, review of the literature reveals numerous unquestionable cases of symptomatic narcoleonpsy, and a clear picture that the hypothalamus is most often involved.

TL;DR: A conceptual basis for managing the first two levels of an error trajectory for fatigue is presented, based upon a prior sleep/wake model, which determines fatigue-risk thresholds by the amount of sleep individuals have acquired in the prior 24 and 48 h.

TL;DR: Orexin neurons have the requisite functional interactions with hypothalamic feeding pathways and monoaminergic/cholinergic centers, and provide a critical link between peripheral energy balance and the central mechanisms that coordinate sleep/wakefulness and motivated behavior such as food seeking.

TL;DR: Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) can affect 20-50% of patients with Parkinson's disease (PD), whereas sleep attacks (SA), which are sleep episodes without prodroma, seem infrequent.

TL;DR: The effects of melatonin on sleep are mediated via specific melatonin receptors and physiologic doses of the hormone, those inducing circulating levels under 200 pg/ml, are sufficient to promote sleep in diurnal species.

TL;DR: Inter-ethnic studies suggests that African-American ethnicity may also be a significant risk factor for OSA, and the increased prevalences of OSA among American Indians and Hispanic adults, and increased severity among Pacific Islanders and Maoris, were mainly explained by increased obesity parameters.

TL;DR: A detailed description of sleep research that has been conducted in early-onset affective disorders is provided, the potential limitations of the available data are uncovered, and future research directions in this important subject are formulates.

TL;DR: The role of KC providing gating functions in idiopathic generalized epilepsies and other, different, sleep disorders are characterised and the relationship of KC with synchronisation-type and desynchronisation- type micro-arousals, and the 'cyclic alternating pattern', will be discussed.

TL;DR: The current progress in the genetics of normal and pathological sleep is reviewed and a few future perspectives are suggested.

TL;DR: Treatment studies show improvement or reduced risk of most cardiovascular sequelae of SDB with CPAP treatment, and beyond hypertension, the strongest relationships between SDB and cardiovascular disease appear to be with congestive heart failure and bradyarrhythmias.

TL;DR: More recent studies suggest that patients with NP do not differ from patients without NP on sleep architecture, sleep physiology, self-reported sleep quality and severity of panic disorder, however, more precise measurement of physiological precipitants and features is warranted.

TL;DR: Fatal Familial Insomnia represents a model disease for the study of sleep-wake regulation and the profound thalamic hypometabolism/atrophy associated with lack of sleep spindles and delta sleep implicate the thalamus in the origin of slow wave sleep (SWS).

TL;DR: Clinical SRE testing is less commonly applied today with the advent of minimally invasive medical therapies for ED, but still provides a precise technique for examining the mechanisms of erection and is still conducted to resolve legal disputes.

TL;DR: It is shown that melatonin can exert hypnotic-like effects but only under limited circumstances, and it is the view that exogenous melatonin is only hypnotic in those species or individuals for which endogenous melatonin increases sleep propensity and is consequently a dark appropriate outcome.

TL;DR: NO synthesized within cholinergic neurons of the basal forebrain, while under control of the LDT, may modulate the spectral components of the EEG instead of the amounts of different sleep states.

TL;DR: Functional neuroimaging methods may be helpful in sleep medicine, and in which future development is advised, include: clarification of pathophysiology; aid in differential diagnosis; assessment of treatment response; and monitoring treatment response.

TL;DR: The current state of art in sleep apnea surgery is presented, including airway evaluation with fiberoptic nasopharyngoscopy and lateral cephalometric radiograph, formulation of a surgical plan through a selection of procedures to address specific sites of obstruction, as well as discussion of published surgical outcomes.

TL;DR: Recent discoveries of interactions of HCT/ORX with peptides such as corticotropin releasing hormone and neuropeptide Y, as well as with aminergic neurotransmitter systems, are now defining the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which these potent peptides act and promise insight into their physiologic relevance in a variety of non-sleep related behaviors and other homeostatic mechanisms.

TL;DR: It is concluded that CPAP treatment of OSA significantly reduces GERD symptoms and acidic pH exposure in the esophagus and this improvement with CPAP physiologically occurs in the presence or absence of Osa; and treatment of GERD in OSA patients improves the number of arousals during sleep.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the episodic nature of insomnia may interact with patient preferences for intermittent dosing in such a way as to sustain placebo effects in the long term, providing increased power to detect therapeutic outcomes and may be used to potentiate clinical gains.

TL;DR: While it proves difficult to show a relationship between the degree of nasal obstruction and the number of disturbed breathing events, the presence of nose obstruction will most likely have an impact on the severity of sleep-disordered breathing.

TL;DR: Questions are raised about the exact nature and pathophysiological base of the link between hypocretin deficiency and clinical manifestations in human narcolepsy.

TL;DR: The fact that a number of synthetic benzodiazepines are difficult to detect using conventional techniques and the discovery that some cases of recurrent stupor were caused by fraudulent administration of lorazepam question whether the concept of endozepine recurrent st upor can be sustained.

TL;DR: Even if dietary or supplemental antioxidants do not prove to be effective therapies for OSA, dietary assessment and prescription to increase dietary intake of neuro- and cardio-protective nutrients may make it possible to reduce some of the cognitive and cardiovascular sequelae associated with OSA.