Showing papers in "Social Science & Medicine in 1988"

TL;DR: Assessment of the various mechanisms or intervening factors which could explain how mother's education influences the health and survivorship of her children is made and the relevance of such studies for formulation of health and educational policies is stressed.

TL;DR: The ways emotion and coping influence each other in what must ultimately be seen as a dynamic, mutually reciprocal relationship are explored.

TL;DR: A method was developed to derive the relative levels of patient satisfaction with 11 aspects of care, and it was demonstrated that different aspects of medical care are measured with extremely uneven frequencies in satisfaction instruments.

TL;DR: This article summarizes the study attributes as compiled from the coding form, presents grand satisfaction means over all studies, and tests for differences in satisfaction between studies that employed different methods of research.

TL;DR: Results from a series of studies are summarized in support of a general theory of inhibition and psychosomatics, suggesting childhood traumatic experiences, particularly those never discussed, are highly correlated with current health problems and ruminations about the traumas.

TL;DR: These data suggest that, although most patients prefer all information to be given to them, almost one-fourth of them preferred a more authoritarian, rather than participatory, relationship with their oncologist.

TL;DR: Relationships between structural characteristics of social networks and two types of support in a sample of community-dwelling individuals aged 65 and older show that structural characteristics such as total network size, number of face-to-face contacts and number of proximal ties are associated with greater availability of both instrumental and emotional support.

TL;DR: A methodology is put forward to define indicators for participation in health care programmes as how wide participation is on a continuum developed for each of the five factors which influence community participation.

TL;DR: It is argued that the popularity of compliance and the uncertainty over its determinants can be understood if compliance is analyzed as an ideology that assumes and justifies physician authority.

TL;DR: Frequency of support from all sources decreased as time from surgery passed, whilst satisfaction with support varied with the type of support given and the source from which it was received; quite different patterns emerged in support needs from professional and non-professional sources.

TL;DR: The conclusion of this assessment suggests the need to clarify the essential elements of social support and social networks in order to better distinguish between the behavioral (support) and structural (network) variables that may be affecting health status.

TL;DR: It is argued in this paper that much of the empirical research into the public's and patients' perceptions of the adequacy of health care has suffered from conceptual weaknesses and as a result of these weaknesses, a contradictory pattern of findings has emerged.

TL;DR: The present article, based on a three-year anthropological investigation of the social relations of paraplegics and quadriplegics in the New York metropolitan area, argues that there are shortcomings in the deviance model and offers, instead, a model taken from the anthropological study of ritual.

TL;DR: The results suggested that people who choose alternative medicine may do so from disenchantment with, and bad experiences of, traditional medical practitioners, rather than believing that traditional medicine is itself ineffective.

TL;DR: A significant difference between bottlefed children, children breastfed less than or equal to 4 months and those breastfed greater than 4 months was found on the Mental Development Index of the Bayley Scales at ages 1 and 2 years, favoring the breastfed children.

TL;DR: Using data on self-reported morbidity from the 1981 Census for Great Britain it is shown that the health status of migrants differs considerably from that of non-migrants.

TL;DR: It is indicated that with proper counselling patients and husbands suffer less stress if they are allowed to take an active part in the treatment of their cancer.

TL;DR: The article considers the health policy implications of an apparent increase in demand for hysterectomy and argues the case for a thorough evaluation of the impact of this operation on quality of life.

TL;DR: The results suggested that quality of sleep is determined by numerous factors; social and psychological factors, health status, external sleeping conditions, life style and living habits.

TL;DR: A rapid ethnographic assessment methodology (REA) that was developed as an essential component of the dietary management of diarrhea program and future applications for international primary health care interventions are discussed.

TL;DR: A framework by which positive psychological states may influence physical health is presented and methodological issues associated with this relatively new area of inquiry are discussed.

TL;DR: Results suggest that the adoption of the new drug was related to commercial forces rather than to a doctor's professional involvements.

TL;DR: It is argued that stress is not something naturally occurring in the world, but a manufactured concept which has by now become a 'social fact' and has direct implications for the ways in which people perceive their world and act within it.

TL;DR: Diffuse social relationships such as with friends and acquaintances, rather than more intimate ones appear to be more affected in individuals with RA, and more diffuse social relationships were more strongly correlated with psychological well-being.

TL;DR: A conceptual framework that relates patterns of distress, explanatory models, help seeking and treatment practices to knowledge and use of oral rehydration therapy (ORT), dietary management, other specific treatments and health policy issues provides the basis for a review of research on diarrheal illness-related beliefs and practices.

TL;DR: Investigation of the role of patient health cognitions and marital factors on long-term psychological response to the illness found negative appraisals of threat and loss due to cardiac impairment/disability were found to be the best predictor of anxiety and depression at 3-4 years after hospitalisation.

TL;DR: It is argued here that the NHP was designed specifically to uncover the chronically ill in populations and research undertaken here indicates that the instrument is sufficiently sensitive to be successful in permitting variations within and between illness groups to be determined.

TL;DR: A drug choice model which includes the physician's attitudes, norms and personal experiences with drugs, was tested and it was found that drug preferences were more related to expectancies about efficacy than to expected side effects for both disorders.

TL;DR: It is shown that social class differentials re-emerge quite dramatically after this relative equalisation in youth and has implications for the broader debate about the explanation of inequalities in health.

TL;DR: Cognitive appraisals appeared to be modest predictors of adjustment in coping with cancer: perceived personal control, God- control, and chance-control, along with perceived control over emotional reactions.