Showing papers in "Technological and Economic Development of Economy in 2010"
TL;DR: The paper introduces a new Additive Ratio ASsessment (ARAS) method that aims at obtaining comparable scales of criteria values and a real case study of evaluation of microclimate in office rooms is presented.
Abstract: Multicriteria decision‐making (MCDM) methods are used in many areas of human activities. Each alternative in a multicriteria decision‐making problem can be described by a set of criteria. Criteria can be qualitative and quantitative. They usually have different units of measurement and a different optimization direction. The normalization aims at obtaining comparable scales of criteria values. The paper introduces a new Additive Ratio ASsessment (ARAS) method. In order to illustrate the described ARAS method a real case study of evaluation of microclimate in office rooms is presented. The case study aims to determine the inside climate of the premises, where people work, and to define measures to be taken to improve their environment. Based on the analysis, the following criteria for inside climate evaluation are suggested: air turnover inside the premises, air humidity, air temperature, illumination intensity, air flow rate, and dew point. The criteria weights were determined by the method of pa...
555 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed project management as an answer to the transition from a previously centrally planned economy to a modern transition economy with strong market aspects in Central and Eastern Europe.
Abstract: The countries of Central and Eastern Europe moved from a previously centrally planned economy to a modern transition economy with strong market aspects. This paper proposes project management as an answer to this transition. Traditional Cost‐Benefit analysis does not respond to this purpose. Indeed Cost‐Benefit analysis is only interested in one specific project and not in a competition between projects. In addition all goals (objectives) have to be translated into money terms, leading sometimes to immoral consequences. On the contrary Multi‐Objective Optimization takes care of different objectives, whereas the objectives keep their own units. However different methods exist for the application of Multi‐Objective Optimization. The authors tested them after their robustness resulting in seven necessary conditions. MOORA (Multi‐Objective Optimization by Ratio analysis) and MULTIMOORA (MOORA plus Full Multiplicative Form), assisted by Ameliorated Nominal Group and Delphi Techniques, satisfy the seve...
520 citations
TL;DR: The triangular fuzzy number is used to denote the membership degree and the non‐membership degree and an effective solution is offered for multi‐attitude decision‐making problem and an active try is made.
Abstract: On the foundation of the theory of the intuitionistic fuzzy set, this paper uses the triangular fuzzy number to denote the membership degree and the non‐membership degree and proposes the triangular intuitionistic fuzzy number. Then the operation rules of triangular intuitionistic fuzzy numbers are defined. The weighted arithmetic averaging operator and the weighted geometric average operator are presented and used to the decision making area after defined the score function and the accuracy function. An effective solution is offered for multi‐attitude decision‐making problem and an active try is made.
131 citations
TL;DR: This paper reveals influence of the choice of preference functions and their parameters on the outcome of evaluation in PROMETHEE methods.
Abstract: A considerable usage increase of multicriteria methods is recently observed in the area of quantitative analysis of social or economical phenomena. The PROMETHEE methods are discerned from other multi‐criteria methods by depth of their intrinsic logic and by using preference functions, which make up a foundation of the methods. Shapes of functions and their parameters are chosen by decision‐makers thus exerting clear advantages and features of the methods. This paper reveals influence of the choice of preference functions and their parameters on the outcome of evaluation. Along with already recently described by the authors PROMETHEE I method the other PROMETHEE II method is described and examples of its application are provided. New types of preference functions were proposed.
Santrauka
Pastaruoju metu socialinių ir ekonominių sudetingų reiskinių kiekybiniam lyginimui placiai taikomi daugiakriteriniai metodai. PROMETHEE metodai skiriasi nuo kitu daugiakriterinių metodų savo ypatumu ir gilesne logika. Metodo pagrinda sudaro vadinamosios prioritetų funkcijos. Jų tipai pasirenkami ir ju parametrai nustatomi aktyviai dalyvaujant priimantiems sprendimą asmenims. Tai yra PROMETHEE metodu privalumas bei ypatumas. Darbe parodyta vertinimų rezultatų priklausomybė nuo prioritetų funkcijų ir jų parametrų reiksmių pasirinkimo. Kartu su autoriu anksciau nagrinetų PROMETHEE I metodu siame darbe aprasytas PROMETHEE II metodas, pateiktas jo taikymo pavyzdys ranguojant alternatyvas.
First published online: 21 Oct 2010
Reiksminiai žodžiai: prioritetu funkcijos, prioritetu funkciju parametrai, daugiakriteriniai vertinimai, PROMETHEE metodai
119 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this article, a multi-attribute contractors ranking method is presented, which allows dealing with qualitative and quantitative data as well as with data expressed in words (verbal data) to demonstrate the feasibility and practicability of the proposed model.
Abstract: Contractor evaluation is a vital part of the project management cycle and deals with risk and risk management. One of the most important phases in the construction industry is the bidding process. In order to select the most appropriate contractor for the project and prepare the most realistic and accurate bid proposal, stakeholders have to know all financial, technical and general information about these contractors. The information can be determined as qualitative, quantitative or verbal data. This paper presents the multi‐attribute contractors ranking method bay applying Ordering of feasible alternatives of solutions in terms of preferability technique. This method allows dealing with qualitative and quantitative data as well as with data expressed in words (verbal data). Finally, an illustrative example of contractor selection is used to demonstrate the feasibility and practicability of the proposed model.
103 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed to supplement TOPSIS (Technique for the Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method and integrate the Mahalanobis distance in the usual algorythm.
Abstract: Decision making in construction management has been always complicated especially if there were more than one criterion under consideration. Multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) has been often applied for complex decisions in construction when a lot of criteria were involved. Traditional MCDM methods, however, operate with independent and conflicting criteria. While in every day problems a decision maker often faces interactive and interrelated criteria. Accordingly, the need of improving and supplementing the methodology of compromise decisions arose. It was proposed to supplement TOPSIS (Technique for the Order Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) method and integrate the Mahalanobis distance in the usual algorythm of TOPSIS. Mahalanobis distance measure offered an option to take the correlations between the criteria into considerations while making the decision. A case study of building redevelopment in Lithuanian rural areas was presented that demonstrated the application of the pr...
101 citations
TL;DR: The inequality between the regional incomes in a nation with a developed fiscal and parafiscal regime including social security will be equilibrated automatically by transfer payments from the richer to the poorer regions as mentioned in this paper.
Abstract: The inequality between the regional incomes in a nation with a developed fiscal and parafiscal regime including social security will be equilibrated automatically by transfer payments from the richer to the poorer regions. The automatic system is not a guaranty for success. Internationally a project oriented system of the international organizations is known instead of an automatic system but the final goal is not always very clear. Multiple Objectives Optimization looks more robust to obtain regional and international development. Moreover a system of transfer payments is not sufficient to measure the well being of a regional population. In the well‐being economy, each individual would have to feel good concerning material wealth, health, education, all kind of security and concerning the environment. With other words, multiple objectives have to be fulfilled. However, these different multiple objectives are expressed in different units. Weights are most of the time used to equalize these differ...
94 citations
Journal Article•
TL;DR: The PROMETHEE method as mentioned in this paper uses preference functions, which make up a foundation of the methods and reveal influence of the choice of preference functions and their parameters on the outcome of evaluation.
Abstract: A considerable usage increase of multicriteria methods is recently observed in the area of quantitative analysis of social or economical phenomena. The PROMETHEE methods are discerned from other multi‐criteria methods by depth of their intrinsic logic and by using preference functions, which make up a foundation of the methods. Shapes of functions and their parameters are chosen by decision‐makers thus exerting clear advantages and features of the methods. This paper reveals influence of the choice of preference functions and their parameters on the outcome of evaluation. Along with already recently described by the authors PROMETHEE I method the other PROMETHEE II method is described and examples of its application are provided. New types of preference functions were proposed.
85 citations
TL;DR: The article presents review of 42 years of scientific work of Professor Friedel Peldschus in the fields of game theory application in construction engineering and management, focusing on his research.
Abstract: Game theory usually analyses decision‐making processes in various fields. There are different methods of solving decision related problems. Game theory focuses on problem solution from one player s point of view, while game theory emphasizes its analysis in the interaction among many players. Much of game theory is concerned with finite, discrete games, which have a finite number of players, moves, events, outcomes, etc. Many researchers in different research fields’ work applied the game theory in: construction engineering, management area. The article presents review of 42 years of scientific work of Professor Friedel Peldschus in the fields of game theory application in construction engineering and management. A review of scientific achievements and activity of Professor Friedel Peldschus, focusing on his research.
69 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the main structural indicators, which identify the implementation of Lisbon Strategy as well as progress in sustainable development and to evaluate Lithuania's and other Baltic States' position in the EU using statistical methods are described.
Abstract: According to the Lisbon Strategy, which was adopted in 2000, the European Union (EU) should become the most competitive region in the World. Goals, defined in the strategy, and instruments for seeking them are identified by structural indicators as well as their systems. It is possible to evaluate specific country's situation and compare it with other countries by using various specific indexes or applying statistical – mathematical methods. The aim of this article is to describe main structural indicators, which identify the implementation of Lisbon Strategy as well as progress in sustainable development and to evaluate Lithuania's and other Baltic States’ position in the EU using statistical methods. In order to achieve this aim, the following tasks were raised: 1) to describe and classify structural indicators; 2) to overview main methods of quantitative analysis and to apply them when evaluating Lithuania's and other Baltic States’ position in the EU. Lithuania's progress in achieving Lisbon ...
66 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, a new theoretical approach of the processes of creating knowledge based society and the knowledge economy, as well as sustainable development processes is described in the article, where the main idea is that the creation and development processes of the knowledge-based society and knowledge economy may be attributed to the category of global transformation and sustainable development process.
Abstract: The new theoretical approach of the processes of creating knowledge based society and the knowledge economy, as well as sustainable development processes is described in the article. The main idea is that the creation and development processes of the knowledge‐based society and knowledge economy may be attributed to the category of global transformation and sustainable development processes, therefore, all general phenomena and characteristics of global transformations and sustainable development in general, are absolutely typical for the creation and development of the knowledge based society and knowledge economy. The processes of the creating of knowledge based society and knowledge economy and modernization are analyzed in the general context of the processes of sustainable development. The main principles of creating the knowledge based society and knowledge economy and modernization are described. Creating and modernization of the knowledge based society and knowledge economy are very compl...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors introduce the concepts of stock market and macroeconomic indicators, then present a model of the impact of macro economic indicators on stock market index, and define what macroeconomic factors are related with stock market indices in the short and long runs.
Abstract: The relation between macroeconomic variables and the movement of stock prices has well been documented in the literature over the last several decades. It is often argued that stock prices are determined by some fundamental macroeconomic variables. Therefore, macroeconomic variables can influence investment decisions and motivates many researchers to investigate the relation between stock market prices and macroeconomic variables. The current paper attempts to introduce the concepts of stock market and macroeconomic indicators, then to present a model of the impact of macroeconomic indicators on stock market index, and to define what macroeconomic indicators are related with stock market index in the short and long runs. The study investigates ten macroeconomic indicators and the main Baltic stock market indices. The data are monthly and extend from the January of 2000 to the December of 2008. Empirical research has been conducted with the Baltic States: Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia. With the r...
TL;DR: The main objectives are the simplification of the process of knowledge acquisition, its automation and shortening as well as the creation of ready‐made models containing knowled...
Abstract: This article presents the possibilities of using mining techniques in building Decision Support Systems. One of the biggest problems is the issue of gaining data and knowledge, their mutual representation and reciprocal usage. Data and knowledge make up the resources of the system and are its key link. It has been estimated that 70% to 80% of the sources available for general use are text documents. The text mining technique is defined as a process aiming to extract previously unknown information from text resources (e.g. technological cards). The fundamental feature of text mining is the ability to converse text documents in formal form, which opens up great possibilities of conducting further analysis. This article presents chosen IT tools using text mining technique, along with the elements of the text mining analysis. The main objectives are the simplification of the process of knowledge acquisition, its automation and shortening as well as the creation of ready‐made models containing knowled...
TL;DR: Two types of investment analyses are made: First, fuzzy parameters are used in the stochastic investment analysis, and another investment analysis is examined by using the concept of probability of a fuzzy event.
Abstract: In an uncertain economic decision environment, an expert's knowledge about discounting cash flows consists of a lot of vagueness instead of randomness. Cash amounts and interest rates are usually estimated by using educated guesses based on expected values or other statistical techniques to obtain them. Fuzzy numbers can capture the difficulties in estimating these parameters. Fuzziness is one aspect of uncertainty. It is the vagueness found in the definition of a concept or the meaning of a term. Fuzzy memberships represent similarities of objects to imprecisely denned properties, while probabilities convey information about relative frequencies. In this paper, two types of investment analyses are made. First, fuzzy parameters are used in the stochastic investment analysis. Then, another investment analysis is examined by using the concept of probability of a fuzzy event.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors consider some quality management procedures that can be used by education managers to provide qualitative changes in the educational environment to improve educational practice and enhance educational quality, and they regard student motivation as an essential factor for educational environment quality improvement.
Abstract: Now, the role of quality management in education is increasing. Managing for quality is now one of the major issues for educational organizations. One of the key tasks for education managers is to provide the learning process participants with an effective and motivating educational environment. Management of the educational environment presupposes giving a particular attention to students’ needs and requirements in order to improve educational practice and enhance educational quality. Among other things having their impact on the educational environment effectiveness is to what extent it motivates students for further studies. In this context, we regard student motivation as an essential factor for the educational environment quality improvement. This paper considers some quality management procedures that can be used by education managers to provide qualitative changes in the educational environment. To improve the quality of the educational environment we may use several management tools, regu...
TL;DR: In this article, an evaluation system for measuring innovation capability for science parks has been developed, including innovation organization sub-system (IOSS), mainly for high-tech firms), innovation support sub-System (ISSS), e.g., technology intermediaries) and innovation environmental sub-ystems (IESS).
Abstract: Science parks have played an important role in promoting innovation, entrepreneur‐ship, growth of knowledge‐based companies and in turn economic growth within their regions. In this paper, an evaluation system for measuring innovation capability for science parks has been developed, including Innovation Organization Sub‐System (IOSS, mainly for high‐tech firms), Innovation Support Sub‐System (ISSS, e.g., technology intermediaries) and Innovation Environmental Sub‐Systems (IESS). Based on the empirical study on Qingdao Science Park (1994–2008), this paper has demonstrated the use of the system for evaluation and measurement of innovation capabilities for a science park. The findings reveal that the evolution law explained by the evaluation system fitted with three components is consistent with the actual evolution process of the Qingdao Science Park. It confirms that this evaluation system bears a good explanatory power for the development of Science Park. In addition, recommendations to improve t...
TL;DR: The research was performed by observing the behaviour and results achieved by 528 students in 15 distance learning courses and, using the clustering method, 3 learner's styles using virtual learning environments (VLE) have been identified.
Abstract: This article deals with application of data mining methods’ to analysis of learners’ behaviour using the distance learning platform BlackBoard Vista (BlackBoard 2008). Before planning a distance learning course, instructors have to pay attention to the fact that there exist different study methods: some students start reading learning materials from the very beginning to the end, some students look at unclear topics only, some start with the discussions, etc. Therefore after analyzing the learning factors and identifying learner's style, it is possible to prepare individualized learning materials and to choose a proper way of course presentation. Such a way of study organization would improve the quality of studies and make it possible to reach better results. The research was performed by observing the behaviour and results achieved by 528 students in 15 distance learning courses and, using the clustering method, 3 learner's styles using virtual learning environments (VLE) have been identified a...
TL;DR: The use of Soft Systems Methodology as a tool for problem structuring is described, which is the first phase encompassed in a methodological approach currently under development to provide decision support based on Multi‐Criteria Decision Analysis in energy planning problems in an urban context.
Abstract: This paper describes the use of Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) as a tool for problem structuring, which is the first phase encompassed in a methodological approach currently under development to provide decision support based on Multi‐Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA) in energy planning problems in an urban context. In order to apply the methodology to a real‐world problem, a medium sized Portuguese city has been chosen as the decision setting. SSM is used for characterizing as precisely as possible the decision problem context, identifying the main stakeholders and their relations, and discerning the relevant criteria at stake for each one. Future work directions based on this phase are also envisaged.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a proposal of the way of implementing sustainable development concept at organizational level using three systems: quality, enriches, and enforces sustainable development principles at the level of an organizational unit.
Abstract: Diversity of contemporary management concepts, short life duration of some of them, fashion of implementing popular solutions, indiscriminate adoption of management systems in companies simultaneously with a long period of waiting for positive effects of implemented changes and decreasing involvement of employees lead to the situation in which many companies still face unresolved dilemma of choosing the right strategy of acting that ensures sustainable development of a unit. Therefore, new solutions should be treated as one of the elements of organization improvement, not as an objective as such, and as the way of solving the existing problems. One of the ways of realizing sustainable development principles at the level of an organizational unit is implementation of normalized systems elaborated by International Organization for Standardization (ISO). The article presents a proposal of the way of implementing sustainable development concept at organizational level using three systems: quality, en...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reviewed the principles and models for the quantitative measurement of the financial markets development at macro level (primarily in cases of transitional economies) and evaluated the impact of financial markets on the state competitiveness.
Abstract: The principles and models for the quantitative measurement of the financial markets development at macro level (primarily in cases of transitional economies) are reviewed. The assessment is based on expert evaluation of the identified primary indicators, as well as on determination of the selected indexes of a group of development indicators and financial markets’ development index. Its main criterion is the financial markets development influence on the State competitiveness. Based on the exclusive indicators of global state competitiveness (WEF), four groups of essential primary indicators are considered. They determine the extent of financial markets development (including its sophistication) as expressive partial criteria. The SAW multicriteria evaluation method is also applied as the quantitative modeling instrument. The three‐stage system proposed by the authors was realized by assessing the development stage of financial markets in Lithuania.
TL;DR: The agent‐based integration approach using ontologies (DSS‐MAS) is discussed, in this approach data from internal DW and external sources are scanned by coordinated group of agents, while semantically integrated and relevant data is reported to business users according to business rules.
Abstract: For some decision processes a significant added value is achieved when enterprises’ internal Data Warehouse (DW) can be integrated and combined with external data gained from web sites of competitors and other relevant Web sources. In this paper we discuss the agent‐based integration approach using ontologies (DSS‐MAS). In this approach data from internal DW and external sources are scanned by coordinated group of agents, while semantically integrated and relevant data is reported to business users according to business rules. After data from internal DW, Web sources and business rules are acquired, agents using these data and rules can infer new knowledge and therefore facilitate decision making process. Knowledge represented in enterprises’ ontologies is acquired from business users without extensive technical knowledge using user friendly user interface based on constraints and predefined templates. The approach presented in the paper was verified using the case study from the domain of mobile...
Journal Article•
TL;DR: In this paper, a theoretical model of NIE is presented in the context of sustainable development and the concept of an institutional equilibrium is discussed as an important determinant of "institutional capital" stimulating or hampering sustainable development.
Abstract: The main aim of this article is to provide a basis for changing the focus in New Institutional Economics (NIE) from the economic effects of institutions to the importance of “institutional capital” for sustainable development. First, a theoretical model of NIE is presented in the context of sustainable development. Then, the concept of an institutional equilibrium (where informal institutions support and strengthen formal institutions) is discussed as an important determinant of “institutional capital” stimulating or hampering sustainable development.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors focused on adjusting a dynamic model of technology strategy development for Iranian nano-composite companies' conditions, and investigated four key environmental moderators which affect Chiesa's dynamic model for technology strategy, and investigates these moderators' effects on the dynamic model's indicators.
Abstract: In recent years, Iran's government has emphasized the development of nanotechnology‐based industry, so many Iranian companies have gravitated to this subject, or some new companies have established on nanotechnology fields such as nano‐composite products. Technology strategy (TS) is one of the most important aspects of any firm's strategic posture especially in dynamic environments; therefore this research is focused on adjusting a dynamic model of technology strategy development for Iranian nano‐composite companies’ conditions. This article spots four key environmental moderators (Iran as a developing country, high nanotechnology, nano‐composite companies, and information availability) which affect Chiesa's dynamic model for technology strategy, and investigates these moderators’ effects on the dynamic model's indicators. The results show that 22 indicators of Chiesa's model have changed for this case.
TL;DR: In this article, the authors conducted research on partnering co-operation in construction industry in three countries: Poland, Slovakia and Ukraine, using the questionnaire method in selected administrative regions of the following three countries.
Abstract: The present author has conducted research on partnering co‐operation in construction industry. The research was carried out using the questionnaire method in selected administrative regions of the following three countries: Poland, Slovakia and Ukraine. It was assumed that analysis would mainly concern medium and large construction enterprises and that the respondents would include selected experts in these enterprises: owners, enterprise managers, construction site managers. The final assessment of the partnering relations of Polish and Slovak construction enterprises is similar. Partnering co‐operation in construction industry is already noticeable but still remains on a low level. The assessment of the partnering relations in Ukrainian construction enterprises is lower than in the Polish and Slovak ones.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors analyzed the alternations in the causality in financial markets during the 2008-2009 financial crisis with a clear focus on the changes and developments in the financial markets of the Baltic States and Russia in the period starting from 2008.
Abstract: The present article analyses the alternations in the causality in the financial markets during the 2008–2009 financial crisis with a clear focus on the changes and developments in the financial markets of the Baltic States and Russia in the period starting from 2008. The authors have advanced a hypothesis that the research methods of trends of an abrupt plunge and subsequent stabilistation of equity prices that were clearly discernable during the 1987 crisis are also pointfull for the current financial crisis. The present research was conducted on the basis of the following assumptions: both crises affected financial markets of several nations; a characteristic feature for the inception of the crises is an abrupt fall in equity prices; indications of stabilisation in financial markets become observable before financial experts conclude the end of the financial crisis. To confirm the hypothesis on the similarities of the general trends during the two major international financial crisis, the autho...
TL;DR: In this article, a case study approach is applied to coastal national parks (NP) in Venezuela and a new multicriteria approach based on the Analytic Network Process (ANP) technique is proposed.
Abstract: Decision‐making for sustainable development involves high levels of uncertainty. In the present paper a study about sustainable management of tourism in national parks is presented. A case study approach is applied to coastal national parks (NP) in Venezuela. Tourism can contribute to the sustainability of national parks but currently it is their main cause of environmental impact. The Government of Venezuela and its natural park managers are therefore looking for new sustainable tourism development strategies. To help managers in making decisions about NP sustainability a new multicriteria approach based on the Analytic Network Process (ANP) technique is proposed. ANP provides a more realistic approach for modelling complex situations such as decision making for sustainable tourism management because ANP allows the general study of the quantitative and qualitative explanatory variables and the incorporation of feedback and interdependence relationships among variables. A case study has been carr...
TL;DR: It is unclear to what extent the performance potential of hybrid media concepts is utilized in different application fields and what the drivers of the use and performance of these concepts are.
Abstract: Hybrid media concepts, i.e. especially combinations of face‐to‐face instruments and electronic media, represent a standard in many fields of application for quite a long time. Such combinations of diverse, and thus hybrid instruments are meanwhile quite commonly used, for example, in marketing, in retail business, for communication in virtual enterprises, in internal communication processes, in human resource development and in higher education. By combining strengths of two or more media and by mutually compensating their weaknesses, hybrid media concepts aim at enhancing performance with respect to effectiveness and efficiency. So far, however, scientific discussion lacks a common understanding of the architecture of hybrid media concepts as well as empirical evidence on the application of hybrid media in practice. Hence, it is unclear to what extent the performance potential of hybrid media concepts is utilized in different application fields and what the drivers of the use and performance of ...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on the games and incentive mechanism in critical infrastructure management and analyzed the complicated game relation and the bilevel game model is put forward to understand the hidden interests and contradictions behind game problems so as to contribute to basic theory for policy making on sustainable critical infrastructure system.
Abstract: Implementation of sustainable development policy is a complex task and challenge for critical infrastructure management. Players in different levels related to critical infrastructure management try to maximize their own utilities and this process often leads to conflicts due to lack of cooperation, that is, noncooperative games exist in the management process of critical infrastructures. Noncooperative games may evolve to equilibrium state after long‐term numerous games and society and individuals have to pay enormous cost to this process. This paper focuses on the games and incentive mechanism in critical infrastructure management. The complicated game relation is analyzed and the bilevel game model is put forward. Game analysis helps us to understand the hidden interests and contradictions behind game problems so as to contribute to basic theory for policy making on sustainable critical infrastructure system. Through scientific design of incentive mechanism, the uncertainty of games can be red...
TL;DR: Work safety in various construction processes can be achieved not only by making use of collective and p... Work safety can also be achieved by using collective and personal responsibility as discussed by the authors. But, as stated in this paper, although EU legal acts apply in Lithuania, the increase in accidents at work in the construction sector is reflected in the statistics.
Abstract: Being one of the largest European industry branches, construction is also characterized by some of the worst workplace health and safety indices in the region. On average, workers at construction sites face double the chance of non‐fatal accidents at work compared with workers from other EU sectors. With a view to reducing the number of accidents and occupational illnesses in the construction sector, numerous legal acts have been passed and consistently implemented within recent decades, which allowed improving work conditions in the EU member countries. Although EU legal acts apply in Lithuania, the increase in accidents at work in the construction sector is reflected in the statistics. To prevent accidents at work and occupational illnesses, as well as increase work productivity and job satisfaction, the implementation of measures ensuring safe work at construction sites becomes a necessity. Work safety in various construction processes can be achieved not only by making use of collective and p...