Showing papers in "Technology in Society in 2002"

TL;DR: It is concluded that the adoption of real-time TA can significantly enhance the societal value of research-based innovation.

TL;DR: The concept of Regional Systems of Innovation (RSI) has recently become popular among academics of various disciplines as mentioned in this paper, which results from a territorially embedded institutional infrastructure and a production system.

TL;DR: While differing approaches abound in the realm of data mining, the use of some type of datamining is necessary to accomplish the goals of today’s customer relationship management philosophy.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide a profile of technology business incubators in the United States, review previous research, and report results of research on the technology transfer activities of technology businesses incubators.

TL;DR: This analysis is intended to be useful for companies planning to adopt or to improve an electronic payment system: online credit card payment, electronic cash, electronic checks, and small payments.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors identify a number of indices that decision makers can use to assess the suitability of a foreign technology being considered for import into the local economy and its likely sustainability over the long term.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examine past, current, and future trends in the relationship between science, technology, and society, and offer several methodologies used worldwide that provide citizens with the opportunity to participate in science and technology decision-making processes.

TL;DR: In this article, a number of technology and innovation policy initiatives in Central and South America that target small and medium sized enterprises (SMEs) are discussed, highlighting the transition towards a balanced supply-demand approach to innovation and highlighting the importance of large firms for development and upgrading of SMEs.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors make some recommendations that recognize NASA's path dependence and try to encourage flexibility and organizational learning, but the political capital required for these changes may be beyond NASA.

TL;DR: The relationship between science technology and politics is discussed in this article, where the authors present a brief overview of the relationships among science technologies and politics, followed by an examination of seven most important technological revolutions of the past five centuries, laying a foundation for consideration of recent trends in US Research and Development and our investments within them.

TL;DR: In this new millennium, reality is no longer defined in terms of things we can see, feel, and measure; now reality is defined by ideas and by the ability of people to generate and communicate ideas as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: The Ethical, Legal, and Social Implications (ELSI) programs of the US Human Genome Project are considered models for guiding science and technology decision making to be adapted by other public institutions.

TL;DR: The need for developing a comprehensive, Web-based healthcare information portal is discussed, a framework is proposed, and its benefits and challenges are analyzed.

TL;DR: A technological failure is brought on by an unanticipated breakdown of one or more components of a technological system and may cause minor property damage, loss of life, or both.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors return to a time-tested model from the past to understand how the use of genetic engineering has arrived at this juncture and where the technology might go in the future.

TL;DR: In a competitive world of scarce resources, new technologies fight for survival against developed technologies that promise immediate returns with comparatively little risk as mentioned in this paper. And policy makers need to provide wider perspectives that encourage an entrepreneurial spirit that nurtures new technologies in an enabling environment through appropriate policy initiatives.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a three-stage business strategy to evolve an e-marketplace, with each stage offering more advanced services, and applied the ideas to setting up an emarketplace for the Taiwan refrigeration/air conditioning industry implemented by the Energy Research Laboratory of the Institute of Industrial Technology Research (ITRI) in Taiwan.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore the institutional implications of this franker and professional treatment in science, and propose an alternative scale based on legal standards of proof, which is used by the Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC).

TL;DR: The authors traces the origins of this practice of ranking countries to the debate over technological gaps between the United States and Western Europe in the late 1960s and shows how the OECD documented these gaps in a series of statistics that would form the basis for its later work on best practices, benchmarking exercises and scoreboards of indicators.

TL;DR: While many areas of science and technology are receiving increased funding from both industry and government, funding for other areas, especially those related to natural resource production such as mining, is decreasing from all sources as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined a unique way whereby local bureaucrats in a rural Japanese township have made use of the Internet to serve their constituents by recruiting "on-line residents" and found that necessity can play a powerful role in facilitating the creative adjustments required to incorporate information technology meaningfully at the level of local government.

TL;DR: In this article, the reciprocal relationship between progress and technology is discussed, and it is shown that progress cannot be separated from technological improvements because improvements are believed to be the result of progress.

TL;DR: In this article, a cascade paradigm of innovation appears key to increasing the rate of economic growth and for science to continue to thrive and make this contribution to innovation, it must traverse at least three key crossroads.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors address the problem of state-run spaceports in a context not usually associated with state governments, as most states do not necessarily own or completely control their facilities.

TL;DR: This paper examined several examples of political practices, including those internal to epistemological controversies within science, to externally related funding strategies, to public relations examples related to education policies, and argued that science does, indeed, produce new knowledge, it does so within a fully politicized framework.

TL;DR: The authors suggests that science may more properly be conceived as a qualified good, one that on occasion exists in tension with other goods, and that it is desirable to include perspectives from the arts and the humanities alongside those of the sciences.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present current ISS commercialization policies, current developments related to commercialization of the station, and a concluding statement regarding the future direction of commercialisation policies.

TL;DR: This paper examined the format of management programs at highly respected undergraduate management schools both within and outside the United States and made suggestions for an undergraduate management curriculum in a pure or applied science environment.

TL;DR: The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) as mentioned in this paper is a membership organization, a federation of science and engineering societies, a think tank, and an action organization.

TL;DR: The US government's funding priorities establish the pathway for future research and development which, in turn, will impact the course of our society and culture as mentioned in this paper, however, science and technology have different roles in the creation of a concept and the development of a useable product or discovery.