Showing papers in "The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition in 1996"

TL;DR: Information is provided on the nutritional biochemistry of copper, including food sources, intestinal absorption, transport, tissue distribution, and excretion, along with descriptions of copper binding proteins and other factors involved and their roles in these processes.

TL;DR: It is shown that vegetable oils rich in n--3 fatty acids inhibit TNF alpha and IL-1 beta synthesis and that increases in EPA content did not result in further decreases in cytokine production.

TL;DR: The World Health Organization convened an Expert Committee to reevaluate the use of anthropometry at different ages for assessing health, nutrition, and social wellbeing, and noted that few normative anthropometric data exist for the elderly, especially for those > 80 y of age.

TL;DR: The whole-body bioelectrical impedance analysis approach is most appropriate for estimating adiposity of groups in epidemiologic and field studies but has limited accuracy for estimating body composition in individuals.

TL;DR: The decrease in systolic and diastolic blood pressure in the sour-milk group tended to be greater than in the placebo group, and no marked changes were observed in other indexes, including pulse rate, body weight, and blood serum variables in both groups.

TL;DR: The results suggest that vitamins (and homocysteine) may have differential effects on cognitive abilities and individual vitamins and homocy steine should be explored further as determinants of patterns of cognitive impairment.

TL;DR: In both sexes, threshold values of waist girth corresponding to critical amounts of visceral adipose tissue were generally lower in subjects who were > or = 40 y old than in younger individuals (approximately 100 cm).

TL;DR: It is concluded that BIA provides a reliable estimate of total body water under most conditions and is a useful technique for body composition analysis in healthy individuals and in those with a number of chronic conditions such as mild-to-moderate obesity, diabetes mellitus, and other medical conditions in which major disturbances of water distribution are not prominent.

TL;DR: P predictive equations for body cell mass, fat-free mass, and total body water were derived from direct measurements through use of single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis in 332 subjects, indicating that body composition can be estimated with simple and easily applied techniques, and that the estimates are sufficiently precise for use in clinical investigation and practice.

TL;DR: It is suggested that increased dietary intake of animal protein and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids with less n-3 polyuns saturated fatty acids may contribute to the development of Crohn disease.

TL;DR: The bioengineering basis for the bioelectrical impedance technique is critically presented and considerations are proposed that might help to clarify the method and potentially improve its sensitivity.

TL;DR: Findings are consistent with those for younger persons and suggest protective effects of vitamin E supplements in the elderly and suggest vitamins E and C should be considered as a standalone treatment for cancer and heart disease respectively.

TL;DR: Overall, the present data suggest that protection against oxidative damage and related disease is best served by the variety of antioxidant substances found in fruit and vegetables.

TL;DR: New equations have been developed to predict body fat (percent BF) calculated from body density measured by underwater weighing from simple anthropometric measurements, using stepwise-multiple-regression analysis in 63 men and 84 women.

TL;DR: Most of the measurableCarotenoids of human plasma can be increased by moderate alterations in diet within a short time, although the magnitude of the plasma response may be related to the baseline carotenoid concentrations.

TL;DR: New anthropometric equations based on the use of DXA as a criterion that provide accurate and precise measures of body fat and fat-free mass in white children aged 4-9 y are provided.

TL;DR: This work reviews the factors that have been identified from the literature as being conditions requiring standardization both for healthy subjects and for those in a medical setting.

TL;DR: Two recent studies from the Framingham Heart Study in which BIA was first compared with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) as a validation technique, and then compared with the body mass index (BMI) as an alternative estimate of body fat are reviewed.

TL;DR: This randomized, double-blind trial was designed to study the effects of a different source of n-3 LCFAs and a shorter feeding interval on visual acuity and growth of preterm infants, some of whom required long periods of supplemental oxygen and developed bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

TL;DR: The results suggest that by interfering with folate or vitamin B-6 metabolism, chronic alcohol intake may impair the disposal of homocysteine through the transmethylation or transsulfuration pathways.

TL;DR: The study indicates that early in the natural history of obese adolescent girls, cardiovascular risk factors are related to the amount of intraabdominal fat.

TL;DR: Because of concern about weight preoccupation in this age group and lack of data of sufficient precision to support specific recommendations, weight guidelines for children and adolescents are not now warranted.

TL;DR: The findings indicate that antioxidant defenses could be considerably compromised in these very sick patients and the potential of these species to damage DNA and lipid membranes could be increased and compromise recovery.

TL;DR: Women with a low mean daily folate intake had an approximately twofold greater risk of preterm delivery and infant low birth weight after maternal characteristics, energy intake, and other correlated nutrients were controlled for.

TL;DR: It is indicated that 4 g neosugar/d alters the fecal flora in a manner perceived as beneficial by decreasing activities of some reductive enzymes.

TL;DR: It is concluded that ALS patients have a chronically deficient intake of energy and recommended augmentation of energy intake rather than the consumption of high-protein nutritional supplements.

TL;DR: Three measures of body composition: dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, skinfold thickness, and bioimpedance analysis are compared, in 9-11-y-old children, to suggest that the methods should not be used interchangeably.