Showing papers in "Toxicon in 2006"

TL;DR: Three single-filament isolates of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae from two German lakes were found to produce remarkable amounts of the cyanobacterial hepatotoxin cylindrospermopsin (CYN).

TL;DR: This work shows that the venoms of Australian funnel-web spiders contain many hundreds of peptides that follow a bimodal distribution, and proposes that three-dimensional 'venom landscapes' derived from LC-MALDI analysis might have predictive value for the discovery of various groups of pharmacologically distinct toxins in complex venoms.

TL;DR: Like venoms of several front-fanged species, B. irregularis venom showed an ontogenetic shift in enzyme activities and toxicity, and neonate snakes produced more toxic venoms with lower protease and acetylcholinesterase activities.

TL;DR: Results show sex-based differences in the venom proteome of sibling snakes of a single litter raised under controlled conditions which seem to be genetically inherited and imposed by evolutionary forces.

TL;DR: The seas and oceans around Australia harbour numerous venomous jellyfish including Chironex fleckeri, the box jellyfish, which is the most lethal causing rapid cardiorespiratory depression and although its venom has been characterised, its toxins remain to be identified.

TL;DR: Hydrated sodium calcium aluminosilicate (HSCAS), an anticaking agent for mixed feed, was added alone or simultaneously with a toxic Zearalenone (ZEN) dose to balb/c mice and was evaluated for its ability to restore damages induced by ZEN and prevented general toxicity of ZEN.

TL;DR: An overview of the current state of knowledge of these venom constituents is provided, several of which are of interest as potential human therapeutics as a consequence of their high potency and exquisite target specificity.

TL;DR: Progress in the understanding of ciguatera from an Australian perspective is examined, especially the laboratory-based research into the problem that was initiated by the late "Bob" Endean at the University of Queensland.

TL;DR: The high specificity exhibited by these novel compounds for neuronal receptors and ion channels in the brain and nervous system indicates the high degree of selectivity that this class of neuropeptides can be expected to show when used therapeutically in humans.

TL;DR: It is indicated that enniatins, fungal metabolites that are commonly found in grain in Northern Europe, may have an underestimated toxic potential.

TL;DR: The saliva of ticks (Suborder Ixodida) is critical to their survival as parasites and should result in strong responses from the host defence systems but tick saliva appears to have evolved to counter these responses.

TL;DR: The results obtained can help in proteome studies, and the clones can be used to directly probe the genetic material from other snake species or to investigate differences in gene expression pattern in response to factors such as diet, aging and geographic localization.

TL;DR: Zooplankton accumulate microcystins (MC), a potent cyanobacteria toxin, and therefore may act as vectors of the toxin up the aquatic food web; however this transfer has not yet been quantified.

TL;DR: A procedure to measure total microcystins in Caruaru human sera and liver tissue using a combination of ELISA, liquid chromatography and liquid Chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC/MS), GC/MS and MS/MS techniques was developed and validated and it was concluded that micro Cystins are very stable when stored under these conditions for periods of almost 10 years.

TL;DR: Electron microscopy assessments of both bacterial strains suggest that the hydrogen peroxide produced by LAO induce bacterial membrane rupture and consequently loss of cytoplasmatic content, suggesting that the production of H2O2 is involved in subsequent activation of inflammatory enzymes, such as thromboxane.

TL;DR: It is suggested that benthic species should be considered along with planktonic species during monitoring of toxic cyanobacteria in water sources, particularly the Nile river which is the main source of drinking water in Egypt.

TL;DR: In this article, the reproductive toxicity of male mice treated with Microcystis aeruginosa cell extracts containing microcystins was examined, and it was found that the testes were damaged and the space between the seminiferous tubules was more pronounced compared to control mice.

TL;DR: Results of this study indicate that addition of calcium propionate to diets containing aflatoxin B1 appears to be effective in reducing toxicity, and the risk of aflatoxins in broiler as a food appears to remain very low, although the levels of a Flatoxin in human foods should be kept as low as possible to reduce the incidence of hepatic cancer.

TL;DR: 4-S-CysteinylTTX was detected in liver, spleen, gall, and intestine in 1-6mole% of total of all TTX analogs, supporting the previous hypothesis that 4-cysteinyl TTX is a metabolite of TTX.

TL;DR: The structure of the three major peptides detected in the Bombus venom was fully characterized in one working day by de novo sequencing using an electrospray ionization hybrid quadrupole time-of-flight instrument (ESI-QqTOF) and a matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time- of- flight instrument (MALDI-LIFT-TOF-TOf).

TL;DR: This paper reports on the first occurrence of fairly high numbers of Alexandrium ostenfeldii along the Emilia Romagna coasts (Italy) and reveals that the Adriatic A. ostenfieldii produces mainly spirolide 13-desmethyl C at levels of 3.7 pg/cell but not PSP toxins.

TL;DR: The whole venoms from some species that exemplify peculiar cases in the Buthidae family are analyzed by means of a proteomic approach using a 2D-LC/MS technique to determine venom complexities that reflect the scorpions' evolutionary history, which can be crucial to reconstruct their phylogeny through the molecular evolution of their venoms.

TL;DR: Analysis of mussels sampled in the affected areas to search for lipophilic toxins, using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), showed the presence of free okadaic acid and dinophysistoxin-2 (DTX-2) as well as esters of these toxins.

TL;DR: From these studies it is clear that sample de-complexation/fractionation before mass spectrometry is still the best approach for maximum proteome coverage, and snake venom proteome investigation will remain a laborious task.

TL;DR: It was found that older and clinically severe patients were significantly associated with longer times of admission to the emergency room and an educational campaign to inform the population about the importance of receiving prompt attention following a scorpion sting has potential value in reducing complications in theEmergency room.

TL;DR: Results indicate that vasoconstriction, direct nephrotoxicity and rhabdomyolysis are important mechanisms in the installation of bee venom-induced ARF that may occur even without hemolysis or hypotension.

TL;DR: Histological examination showed that all goats that died spontaneously or were euthanized had diffuse vacuolation of neurons, macrophages of lymphatic tissues, and epithelial cells of pancreas, thyroid, renal tubules and liver, indicating a lysosomal storage disease.

TL;DR: The important sexual dimorphism in body size and mass, amount of venom produced, and venom composition in B. jararaca may reflect a divergence in niche partitioning.

TL;DR: Observed damages of erythrocytes membrane and antioxidative enzymes may be the result of direct covalent binding of microcystin-LR with -SH residues of proteins and indirectly be related with reactive oxygen species formation.