Showing papers in "Transport Policy in 1995"

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors explore policy instruments which are central to the new approach and suggest that the concept of the right price is problematic, that land use measures are necessary but not sufficient and that neither pricing nor planning policies are likely, in isolation, to have sufficient effect across the range of environmental impacts of transport.

TL;DR: In this paper, a set of policies geared to making bicycling safer and more convenient, essentially short-run "pro-bike" policies, are discussed, while the other set is aimed at reducing the convenience of automobile commuting.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors aim to achieve a more precise definition of regions' infrastructure inputs and accessibility, taking into account infrastructure which is both internal and external to the region and the specific needs of a region's industrial structure.

TL;DR: In this paper, an approach is proposed, based on experience in such studies, in which a wide range of measures is tested, a shortlist generated, and packages developed which focus on the three sources of synergy: complementarity, financial support and public acceptability.

TL;DR: The Verkehrsverbund system of public transport organization offers a practical solution to the problem of providing integrated regional public transport service for the increasingly suburbanized metropolitan areas of Europe and North America as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: Park and ride has been shown to be successful in attracting users with high levels of satisfaction as discussed by the authors, however, some users had switched from modes other than car and others were found to be making additional trips which had been attracted by the opportunity to park and ride.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors outline the various models of port administration, analyse the first sales of trust ports in the UK under the Ports Act 1991, consider the issue of competition in the ports industry, and review ports privatisation practice internationally.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors argue that simply leaving transport to the private market seems certain to end in excessive auto use and such deteriorated public transport systems that irreversible damage would be done to Polish cities.

TL;DR: The authors derived a set of cross-elasticity of demand at the national level for travel in Great Britain, which consist of crosselasticities between car travel and the fares on six different public transport modes, and between travel on these six modes and the price of petrol.

TL;DR: In this article, the relative performance of urban bus operators in Australia is investigated and an index of gross total factor productivity (GTFP) for each operator is developed and decomposed to identify the sources of variation across operators, such as the role of different institutional and regulatory constraints on relative performance.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors demonstrate runs of heavy trucks combining commercially available technologies, careful driving, and optimal driving conditions have obtained impressive energy efficiencies - 50-70% above that of the current fleet.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a ranking scheme to indicate the economic and other effects of improving the attractiveness of town centres including the introduction of town centre management and pedestrianization, and applied it to six Swedish town centres.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the risk implications of the use of private funding for the Skye Bridge concessionary infrastructure project and concluded that private sector finance could be hard to mobilise to due to the perceived levels of risk and uncertainty.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provided various estimates of the net benefit attributable to competitive tendering for bus services in London, including the highest estimated net benefit of 380 million, and the lowest estimated net benefits of 50 million.

TL;DR: In this article, the potential and critical success factors for European transport operations, with particular emphasis on the changing role of railway companies in European freight transport, are sketched, and various messages for railway companies and operators.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed that current unsafe conditions have to be analyzed instead in the context of the physical, political, technical, and enforcement environments, based on the acknowledgment of the accident as an environmentally related problem and the acceptance of the safe circulation space as a political right.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the impact of the deregulation on industry concentration and fares in urban areas with populations of less than 100 000 and found that the direction and magnitude of fare changes, in particular, appear to be related to the size of the urban centre.

TL;DR: In this article, a set of improvements were introduced on a railway line in the south of Sweden in January 1992, including a new train concept, improved timetable and lower fares, and a high comfort coach service was introduced as a complement to the train timetable to increase the number of departures.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated the effect of public transportation management policies on urban travel management in Europe, focusing on three transport modes: public transportation, use of private cars, and car parking.

TL;DR: In this article, a critical review shows that there is no all-saving intelligent technology which would allow basic decisions in transport policies to be avoided, and the author pleads for an overall approach, within which price policy measures should have more weight.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors reveal the significant role of fares, subsidies and quality variables in explaining the large variation in the demand for rail across Europe across fourteen European countries on passenger and freight rail transport.

TL;DR: In this article, a goal program to select and schedule road projects can include policy considerations in addition to those covered by cost-benefit evaluation, including economic benefits and twelve environmental, developmental and accessibility objectives.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the evidence that disability imposes additional transport costs on the individual and concluded that while wide variations in personal and household income make comparisons difficult, there is no firm evidence to support a generally stated hypothesis that personal expenditure by disabled people on transport is higher, because of their disability, than that of their ablebodied peers.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors compare and evaluate the development of light rapid transit systems in two superficially similar cities in contrasting policy environments, and analyse the local and national transport planning contexts which encouraged the choice of an automatic underground Metro for Toulouse (France) compared with the decision of a street-running tramway for Sheffield (England).

TL;DR: In the city of Patras, which is the third most populated city in Greece, a new comprehensive parking management system was introduced in 1993 as discussed by the authors, and the main characteristics of the system are: 1) the introduction of paid parking for all legal or 'illegal-possible' places available in the city centre; 2) the installation of appropriate equipment for ticket issuing; 3) the designation of street parking in three different zones (Orange Green Red zone) each with a different pricing policy.

TL;DR: In this paper, a comparison of the passenger generating capacity of North American and European carrier hubs, using data from 1990, was made, and it was found that European carrier hub was more effective at generating trans-Atlantic traffic than US and Canadian carrier hubs were.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the highway safety implications of the 1982 Surface Transportation Assistance Act (STAA) which, among its provisions, increased minimum truck lengths and maximum truck widths; required states to allow twin trailers; and barred states from reducing existing weight and size limits if these exceeded the limitations specified in the STAA.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present a relatively simple model of cross-Channel competition and use it to evaluate the likely outcome of competition between the ferry companies and Eurotunnel, and assesses the viability of Euro-tunnel's initial pricing structure.