Showing papers in "Transportation Planning and Technology in 2018"
TL;DR: How information and communication technologies (ICT) may influence travel behavior of an informal transport system, and whether and in which ways merging digital technologies represents disruption for a specific sociotechnical ensemble are discussed.
Abstract: This paper discusses how information and communication technologies (ICT) may influence travel behavior of an informal transport system, and whether and in which ways merging digital technologies represents disruption for a specific sociotechnical ensemble. For decades, ojek has been a form of informal passenger transport, based on motorcycles in Jakarta, and recently smartphone apps have become available in that sociotechnical arrangement. We randomly surveyed passengers and drivers in the central district, for both those who do and do not use these apps. Despite many similarities between both groups, the drivers who use smartphones for their trips reported higher daily incomes, longer average trip distances and a larger coverage area. Passengers using conventional ojek transport reported lower levels of both safety perception and satisfaction when compared to app-based ojek users. For both categories of user, ojek seems to compete with, complement, and be an alternative to bus rapid transit and ...
34 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the instances of one-day immobility in Pakistan and reported its socio-demographic determinants using the nationally representative dataset of the 2007 Pakistan Time Use Survey.
Abstract: This paper examines the instances of one-day immobility in Pakistan and reports its socio-demographic determinants using the nationally representative dataset of the 2007 Pakistan Time Use Survey. Of 37,830 time diary respondents, nearly 30% did not report travel during the diary day. Homemakers and those out of the workforce were more likely to be immobile than employed or student respondents. Immobility rates were very high among women (55%) as compared to men (4%). Among women, those between 20 and 34 years of age, married, with children, having better education, dependent on other household members and those living in higher income households were more likely to be immobile. The excessive gender nature of immobility seems to be triggered by a gender-based sociocultural environment, which restricts female mobility due to family honor concerns. Other than this, those living in the provinces of Sindh and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa or in urban areas were more likely to be immobile than those living in Punjab and Sindh provinces or in rural areas. The significant geographic effect at broader spatial scale is caused by the demographic structure as well as due to differences in the social and cultural context of these areas. Finally, questions regarding the measurement of immobility and the potential implications of increased female immobility are discussed.
23 citations
TL;DR: This experimental analysis clarifies the benefits of automated traffic control for infrastructure managers, railway operators and passengers by comparing optimal rescheduling approaches such as Open Loop and Closed Loop control, to a typical First-Come-First-Served dispatching rule, and following the timetable (no-action).
Abstract: Railway transportation provides sustainable, fast and safe transport. Its attractiveness is linked to a broad concept of service reliability: the capability to adhere to a timetable in the presence of delays perturbing traffic. To counter these phenomena, real-time rescheduling can be used, changing train orders and times, according to rules of thumb, or mathematical optimization models, minimizing delays or maximizing punctuality. In the literature, different indices of robustness, reliability and resilience are defined for railway traffic. We review and evaluate these indices applied to railway traffic control, comparing optimal rescheduling approaches such as Open Loop and Closed Loop control, to a typical First-Come-First-Served dispatching rule, and following the timetable (no-action). This experimental analysis clarifies the benefits of automated traffic control for infrastructure managers, railway operators and passengers. The timetable order, normally used in assessing a-priori reliability, systematically overestimates unreliability of operations that can be reduced by real-time control.
22 citations
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the activity engagement, sequencing and timing of activities for student, faculty and staff commuter groups at the largest university in the Maritime Provinces of Canada.
Abstract: This paper examines the activity engagement, sequencing and timing of activities for student, faculty and staff commuter groups at the largest university in the Maritime Provinces of Canada. The da...
21 citations
TL;DR: Data from connected vehicles, when combined with other information, may provide valuable intelligence to traffic managers and other stakeholders via cooperative intelligent transport system (C-ITS) platforms, but many issues face the implementation of a truly connected IoT in general and C-ITS in particular.
Abstract: While automotive original equipment manufacturers and IT companies are developing and demonstrating self-driving cars, true autonomy will not be realised in the near future due in part to the techn...
21 citations
TL;DR: Assessment of how the underlying randomness and fuzziness impact efficiency levels in railway operations in six different Asian countries reveals that conclusions with respect to the ranking of these railways may vary substantially depending upon the type of model chosen, although efficiency scores are similar to some extent when compared within the ambits of Stochastic- DEA and Fuzzy-DEA models.
Abstract: Performance analysis has become a vital part of the management practices in the logistics infrastructure. Although there are numerous applications using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) models to es...
17 citations
TL;DR: Empirical findings from this study should be of interest to and instrumental for transportation authorities to incorporate in their city- or state-wide Advanced Traveller Information Systems (ATIS).
Abstract: In recent years, there has been considerable research interest in short-term traffic flow forecasting. However, forecasting models offering a high accuracy at a fine temporal resolution (e.g. 1 or ...
17 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the efficiency and spatial equity impacts of a unique island-looping high-speed rail (HSR) network in Hainan province, China were investigated.
Abstract: This paper investigates the efficiency and spatial equity impacts of a unique island-looping high-speed rail (HSR) network in Hainan province, China. An integrated network and raster-based model is...
17 citations
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors study the behavior of school travel mode choice behavior and find that travel to and from school can have social, economic, and environmental implications for students and their parents.
Abstract: Travel to and from school can have social, economic, and environmental implications for students and their parents. Therefore, understanding school travel mode choice behavior is essential to find ...
17 citations
TL;DR: In this article, an integrated modeling exercise, conducted on behalf of the US Federal Highway Administration, on the potential for frequent automated transit shuttles (called community transit) is described.
Abstract: This article reports on an integrated modeling exercise, conducted on behalf of the US Federal Highway Administration, on the potential for frequent automated transit shuttles (‘community transit’)...
15 citations
TL;DR: The results show that increasing levels of Eco-Driving in certain road networks result in significant environmental and traffic congestion detriments at the road network level in the presence of heavy traffic.
Abstract: Eco-Driving, a driver behaviour-based method, has featured in a number of national policy documents as part of CO2 emission reduction or climate change strategies. This investigation comprises a detailed assessment of acceleration and deceleration in Eco-Driving Vehicles at different penetration levels in the vehicle fleet, under varying traffic composition and volume. The impacts of Eco-Driving on network-wide traffic and environmental performance at a number of speed-restricted road networks (30 km/h) is quantified using microsimulation. The results show that increasing levels of Eco-Driving in certain road networks result in significant environmental and traffic congestion detriments at the road network level in the presence of heavy traffic. Increases in CO2 emissions of up to 18% were found. However, with the addition of vehicle-to-vehicle or vehicle-to-infrastructure communication technology which facilitates dynamic driving control on speed and acceleration/deceleration in vehicles, improve...
TL;DR: A mixed logit model is applied to analyze parking choice behavior on a campus using data collected from a stated-preference survey of Tongji University, Shanghai, China, and the results show that area-specific policies should be established because the two areas have quite distinct parking choice features.
Abstract: Studies on campus parking indicate more severe problems and a wider range of characteristics than commercial parking because of limited parking places, special conditions, specific policies...
TL;DR: The authors utilize SNA to investigate traffic networks in three case studies in the state of Louisiana, analyze the results and draw conclusions, and corroborate the effectiveness of SNA as a complementary tool for improved transportation planning.
Abstract: Traffic congestion negatively impacts our society. Most of the traditional transportation planning techniques – though effective – require rigorous amounts of data and analysis which consumes time and resources. This paper uses social network analysis (SNA) to analyze transportation networks, and consequently corroborate the effectiveness of SNA as a complementary tool for improved transportation planning. After creating the connection between the language and concepts of SNA and those of transportation systems – as well as developing a model that utilizes different SNA centrality measures within the transportation context – the authors utilize SNA to investigate traffic networks in three case studies in the state of Louisiana, analyze the results and draw conclusions. To this effect, with minimal cost and time, the model identifies the most critical intersections that should be further investigated using traditional techniques. These results are in agreement with the findings of Louisiana’s Depar...
TL;DR: The major contribution of the DPT-BN model is to demonstrate how the modelling of non-independent and identically distributed delay profiles is more realistic for the observed delay propagation mechanism, and how robust airline scheduling methodologies can benefit from this probability-based delay model.
Abstract: An enhanced Delay Propagation Tree model with Bayesian Network (DPT-BN) is developed to model multi-flight delay propagation and delay interdependencies. Using a set of real airline data, results s...
TL;DR: This model takes advantage of emerging technologies – car navigation systems, highway toll collecting systems and link traffic counts – to determine O-D demand and suggests that the model is a feasible means for more reliable O- D estimation.
Abstract: Identifying accurate origin-destination (O-D) travel demand is one of the most important and challenging tasks in the transportation planning field. Recently, a wide range of traffic data has been made available. This paper proposes an O-D estimation model using multiple field data. This study takes advantage of emerging technologies – car navigation systems, highway toll collecting systems and link traffic counts – to determine O-D demand. The proposed method is unique since these multiple data are combined to improve the accuracy of O-D estimation for an entire network. We tested our model on a sample network and found great potential for using multiple data as a means of O-D estimation. The errors of a single input data source do not critically affect the model’s overall accuracy, meaning that combining multiple data provides resilience to these errors. It is suggested that the model is a feasible means for more reliable O-D estimation.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors draw lessons about recent innovations in decision support for coping with challenges in integrated infrastructure planning strategies, and set up a conceptual framework for the integrated infrastructures planning.
Abstract: This article draws lessons about recent innovations in decision support for coping with challenges in integrated infrastructure planning strategies. After setting up a conceptual framework for the ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of uncertainty in out-of-vehicle times on route choice were investigated using a genetic algorithm to fine-tune the fuzzy logic model, and the tuning of the membership functions was conducted twice, first using initial fuzzy rules and again after the fuzzy rules have been adjusted to reduce disparity between the output and survey data.
Abstract: This paper seeks to determine the effects of uncertainty in out-of-vehicle times on route choice. Data were collected at two key interchanges in Auckland, New Zealand. Previous work modelled the data using a manual approach to fuzzy logic. This study extends that work by automating the process through defining a black-box function to match the survey data, then employing a genetic algorithm to fine-tune the fuzzy logic model. Results show that automation and the genetic algorithm improve the model’s capability to more accurately predict ridership. The tuning of the membership functions is conducted twice, first using initial fuzzy rules and again after the fuzzy rules have been adjusted to reduce disparity between the output and survey data. The calibrated membership functions provided for operational (transfer waiting and walking time and delay) and physical attributes (safety and seat availability) can be used by practitioners to determine an estimated ridership.
TL;DR: The ε-constraint method solves the programing problem for the public bike system in Daan District, Taipei City, Taiwan and results indicate that increasing the construction budget for bikeways significantly improves cyclist safety and comfort whilst increasing the adverse impact on traffic.
Abstract: To determine the spatial distribution of rental stations and bikeways in a public bike system, this paper proposes a facility location and network design model. The model is developed as a multi-objective programing problem that considers four objectives (minimizing cyclist risk, maximizing cyclist comfort, minimizing adverse impacts on traffic and maximizing service coverage) and multiple constraints (monetary budget, network connectivity, station spacing, bikeway types, station number and value ranges of decision variables). The e-constraint method solves the programing problem for the public bike system in Daan District, Taipei City, Taiwan. The nine non-dominated alternatives generated are all markedly better than existing locations of rental stations and bikeways. Scenario analysis results indicate that increasing the construction budget for bikeways significantly improves cyclist safety and comfort whilst increasing the adverse impact on traffic. Planners can use this model to develop public...
TL;DR: Tackling the risk of traffic demands and delays exceeding critical limits at road junctions, airports, hospitals, etc., requires knowing how both mean and variance of queue size vary over time, so theoretical formulae for time-dependent and equilibrium variance are derived.
Abstract: Predicting the risk of traffic demands and delays exceeding critical limits at road junctions, airports, hospitals, etc., requires knowing how both mean and variance of queue size vary over time. M...
TL;DR: In this article, the authors analyzed the travel patterns of Iranian women, where typical patriarchal views and specific social and cultural norms may differ from the patterns of those in western societies, and found that women in Iran follow different travel patterns from those in the West.
Abstract: In this paper, we analyze the travel patterns of Iranian women, where typical patriarchal views and specific social and cultural norms may differ from the patterns of those in western societies. In...
TL;DR: The development of railway station choice models suitable for defining probabilistic station catchments can be incorporated into the aggregate demand models typically used to forecast demand for new rail stations, indicating that their incorporation into passenger demand forecasting methods has the potential to significantly improve model predictive performance.
Abstract: This paper describes the development of railway station choice models suitable for defining probabilistic station catchments. These catchments can then be incorporated into the aggregate demand mod...
TL;DR: The transportation sector is the greatest contributor to air pollution as discussed by the authors, and reducing the pollution has become one of the main concerns of researchers, with the booming demand for transportation, reducing the air pollution has became one the main concern of researchers.
Abstract: The transportation sector is the greatest contributor to air pollution. With the booming demand for transportation, reducing the pollution has become one of the main concerns of researchers. EPA em...
TL;DR: The rapid increase in private car use in large metropolitan areas has led to irrational travel mode splits and severe traffic problems as discussed by the authors, which led to the need for traffic demand management (TDM).
Abstract: The rapid increase in private car use in large metropolitan areas has led to irrational travel mode splits and severe traffic problems. Traffic demand management (TDM) is an effective policy to ach...
TL;DR: The inverse discrete choice modelling approach presented in this paper proposes that discrete choice models (DCMs) can be statistically inverted and used to attach additional variables from observations of travel choices to establish the extent to which DCMs can be credibly applied for semantic enrichment of passively collected big data sets while preserving privacy.
Abstract: The growing availability of geotagged big data has stimulated substantial discussion regarding their usability in detailed travel behaviour analysis. Whilst providing a large amount of spatio-temporal information about travel behaviour, these data typically lack semantic content characterising travellers and choice alternatives. The inverse discrete choice modelling (IDCM) approach presented in this paper proposes that discrete choice models (DCMs) can be statistically inverted and used to attach additional variables from observations of travel choices. Suitability of the approach for inferring socioeconomic attributes of travellers is explored using mode choice decisions observed in London Travel Demand Survey. Performance of the IDCM is investigated with respect to the type of variable, the explanatory power of the imputed variable, and the type of estimator used. This method is a significant contribution towards establishing the extent to which DCMs can be credibly applied for semantic enrichme...
TL;DR: A Genetic Algorithm is applied to search for a cost-effective solution in a real-world case study of a bus transit system, which improves service reliability in terms of a reduced coefficient of variation of headway.
Abstract: Due to the stochastic nature of traffic conditions and demand fluctuations, it is a challenging task for operators to maintain reliable services, and passengers often suffer from longer travel time...
TL;DR: In this paper, the influence of scalability on the accuracy of different synthetic populations using both fitting and generation-based approaches was investigated, and the authors concluded that most activity-based models need a b...
Abstract: In this paper, we investigate the influence of scalability on the accuracy of different synthetic populations using both fitting and generation-based approaches. Most activity-based models need a b...
TL;DR: In this article, a four-step travel demand model for estimating traffic volumes for low-volume roads in Wyoming was developed for traffic volume estimation, which utilizes urban travel behavior parameters and processes modified to ref...
Abstract: This study develops a four-step travel demand model for estimating traffic volumes for low-volume roads in Wyoming. The study utilizes urban travel behavior parameters and processes modified to ref...
TL;DR: An autoregressive distributed lag modeling approach is proposed that can point a way to interpret the long- and short-term relationships between intercity transport systems and indicates that HSR has a long-run impact on intercity bus transport and the inter city bus transport market is positively affected by its previous operations and negatively influenced by the previous performance of HSR.
Abstract: A suitable model that enables the analysis of dynamic relationships between transport systems is important for managers to make real-time reaction strategies. This study proposes an autoregressive ...
TL;DR: This paper formulates the problem of integrating conventional and flexible services that connect a main terminal to multiple local regions over multiple time periods and proposes a solution method that uses a genetic algorithm and analytic optimization to find good solutions quickly.
Abstract: Conventional fixed-route bus services are generally preferred to flexible-route services at high demand densities, and vice versa. This paper formulates the problem of integrating conventional and ...
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors investigated strategies that could achieve an 80% reduction in transportation emissions from current levels by 2050 in the City of Philadelphia in the United States, using the baseline daily lifecycle emissions.
Abstract: This paper investigates strategies that could achieve an 80% reduction in transportation emissions from current levels by 2050 in the City of Philadelphia. The baseline daily lifecycle emissions ge...