Showing papers in "Trends in Biochemical Sciences in 2000"

TL;DR: The authors like to acknowledge financial support from CNRS, MENESR and Region Rhone-Alpes and thank all computing teams that have developed biocomputing methods for protein sequence analysis.

TL;DR: The phosphorylation of a protein can alter its behaviour in almost every conceivable way, including modulation of its intrinsic biological activity, subcellular location, half-life and docking with other proteins.

TL;DR: In this article, the transformation of superoxide into hydrogen peroxide and, under certain conditions, then into hydroxyl radicals is important in diseases where respiratory chain function is abnormal or where superoxide dismutase function is altered.

TL;DR: Alternative splicing of mRNA precursors is a versatile mechanism of gene expression regulation that accounts for a considerable proportion of proteomic complexity in higher eukaryotes.

TL;DR: This large gene family (almost 200 genes in the 70% of the Arabidopsis genome sequenced so far) is characterized by the presence of tandem arrays of a degenerate 35-amino-acid repeat, and it is proposed to call them PPR (pentatricopeptide) motifs.

TL;DR: Electron microscopic tomography is providing important new insights into the internal organization of mitochondria, and the standard baffle model for cristae structure has now clearly been shown to be inaccurate.

TL;DR: A novel ATP-binding superfamily that includes diverse protein families such as DNA topoisomerase II, molecular chaperones Hsp90, DNA-mismatch-repair enzymes MutL and histidine kinases is recognition.

TL;DR: This work has suggested that many human genetic diseases linked to mutations within exons might be caused by the inactivation of ESEs, and suggested a new model for ESE function.

TL;DR: The initial steps common to these recombination and recombination-dependent replication processes are reviewed and the machinery of homologous recombination acts at these breaks and gaps to promote the events that result in gene recombination.

TL;DR: It now appears clear that the polar-aromatic residues Trp and Tyr have a specific affinity for a region near the lipid carbonyls, whereas positively charged residues extend into the lipid phosphate region.

TL;DR: The author apologizes to the authors whose original work is not included in the references owing to space limitations.

TL;DR: One of the most useful techniques for studying this level of gene regulation is the in vivo fixation by formaldehyde crosslinking of proteins to proteins and proteins to DNA, followed by immunoprecipitation of the fixed material.

TL;DR: The ability of protein molecules to fold into their highly structured functional states is one of the most remarkable evolutionary achievements of biology and the development of energy surfaces, which allow the folding reaction to be described and visualized in a meaningful manner, is studied.

TL;DR: Alternative resistance mechanisms in Arabidopsis are deployed against different types of pathogens; these mechanisms are mediated by either salicylic acid or the growth regulators jasmonic acid and ethylene.

TL;DR: Signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) transcription factors are implicated in programming gene expression in biological events as diverse as embryonic development, programmed cell death, organogenesis, innate immunity, adaptive immunity and cell growth regulation in organisms ranging from slime molds to insects to man.

TL;DR: Results have revealed important determinants of polyubiquitin-chain recognition by proteasomes, helping to explain the biological rationale behind this novel signaling mechanism.

TL;DR: Modulation of substrate and cofactor reactivity and exact positioning of the substrate are key elements in the mode of action of these enzymes.

TL;DR: This work has shown that eukaryotic genes can be silenced by deacetylation of acetyl-lysine moieties in the N-terminal tails of histones, and links histoneDeacetylases with an increasing number of repressors, suggesting that deacetylene might be a rather pervasive feature of transcriptional repression systems.

TL;DR: Signalling specificity in eukaryotic cells is maintained by several mechanisms and additional specificity determinants in the substrates serve to enhance the specificity of substrate phosphorylation by MAP kinases further.

TL;DR: Recent structural results concerning NiFe and Fe-only hydrogenases are reviewed, putting special emphasis on the characteristics of the active site.

TL;DR: A novel multiprotein complex has recently been identified as a coactivator for transcriptional control of protein-encoding genes by RNA polymerase II in higher eukaryotic cells and promises to be a key target of diverse regulatory circuits.

TL;DR: In eukaryotes, mitochondria are the primary site of cluster formation of most Fe-S proteins, and Assembly of the Fe-sulphate cluster assembly (ISC) machinery consisting of some ten proteins.

TL;DR: The realization that clusterin is a novel HSP with chaperone activity is an exciting breakthrough, however, many questions remain, and the answers to these questions will keep many of us busy for years to come.

TL;DR: The existence of homologs of gp91phox in noninflammatory tissues implies that the generation of reactive oxygen in these tissues is not an accident of respiration but is a deliberate biological strategy.

TL;DR: Targeting NF-κB might lead to the development of new pharmaceutical reagents that could provide novel treatments for many inflammatory diseases and cancer.

TL;DR: The structure of the flexible and charged histone tails that extend from the hydrophobic nucleosome core regulate functions as diverse as transcription, DNA-dependent chromatin assembly, DNA repair, mitosis and silencing by heterochromatin.

TL;DR: The demonstration that HAT complexes interact with sequence-specific activator proteins illustrates how these complexes target specific genes.