Showing papers in "Trends in Neurosciences in 1989"

TL;DR: A model in which specific types of basal ganglia disorders are associated with changes in the function of subpopulations of striatal projection neurons is proposed, which suggests that the activity of sub Populations of Striatal projections neurons is differentially regulated by striatal afferents and that different striatal projections may mediate different aspects of motor control.

TL;DR: This work has shown that the entire neuron is often not metabolically homogeneous; most of the oxidative activity is usually found in dendrites, and revealed the dynamic metabolic responses of developing and mature neurons to altered functional demands.

TL;DR: A stimulus-transcription coupling cascade, involving the products of the proto-oncogenes, c-fos and c-jun, that operates in many cell types including neurons is detailed, which is linked to long-term phenotypic changes that require alterations in gene expression.

TL;DR: Evidence that neurotransmitters, in addition to their mediation of trans-synaptic information coding, can induce a spectrum of effects on neuronal cytoarchitecture, ranging from neurite sprouting to dendritic pruning and even cell death is reviewed.

TL;DR: The properties of carbocyanine dyes are reviewed and some of their uses and advantages are pointed out and several exciting advances in developmental neurobiology are allowed.

TL;DR: The cloning of cDNAs and genes for five different muscarinic acetylcholine receptors provides a new basis for characterizingMuscarinic receptor function and it appears likely that much of the difference between functionally similar receptors will be found to lie in their regulation.

TL;DR: The adult mammalian neocortex consists of numerous 'areas' distinguished from one another largely on the basis of distinctions in cytoarchitecture and connections, but the developing neocortex lacks many of these area-specific distinctions, and is more uniform across its extent.

TL;DR: Motion detection may be one of the first examples in computational neurosciences where common principles can be found not only at the cellular level (e.g., dendritic integration, spike propagation, synaptic transmission) but also at the level of computations performed by small neural networks.

TL;DR: It is suggested that the superior colliculus may be useful as a model for studying both the sensory control of defensive responses, and how intelligent decisions can be taken about relatively simple sensory inputs.

TL;DR: During periods of drowsiness and synchronized sleep, thalamocortical neuronal activity is dominated by rhythmic oscillations and the shift to waking and attentiveness is associated with an abolition of these rhythms and a marked increase in neuronal responsiveness to synaptic inputs.

TL;DR: Stimulation of PKC at the cellular membrane is dependent upon the duration and magnitude of the DAG signal and may also lead to a conversion of the enzyme into an effector-independent form for a sustained activation after the Ca2+ and DAG signals dissipate.

TL;DR: An examination of recent studies of motoneuron development indicates that motoneurons compete, via axonal branching and synaptic contacts, for restricted sites on targets that provide access to trophic factors.

TL;DR: Several recently characterized toxins (apamin, charybdotoxin, dendrotoxin and noxiustoxin) are proving invaluable for establishing what kinds of potassium channel are expressed in neurones, and what the roles of the channels might be.

TL;DR: The view is that mental imagery involves the efferent activation of visual areas in prestriate occipital cortex, parietal and temporal cortex, and that these areas represent the same kinds of specialized visual information in imagery as they do in perception.

TL;DR: The EF-hand homolog proteins bind calcium (Ca2+) with dissociation constants in the micromolar range and are modulated by stimulus-induced increases in cytosolic free Ca2+.

TL;DR: In the classical picture of brain function, electrical impulses are initiated in sensory organs and spread rapidly down axons, jumping synaptic clefts by neurochemical transmission, and integrate information throughout the brain and result in coordinated motor output.

TL;DR: The piriform (olfactory) cortex is a phylogenetically old type of cerebral cortex with parallels in its organization to the architecture of certain 'neural network' models for distributed pattern recognition and association, which makes it a potentially good model for analysis of associative memory processes.

TL;DR: Preliminary epidemiological evidence supports the hypothesis that environmental chemicals may be related to the development of PD, but specific chemicals and their specific mechanism(s) have not been identified.

TL;DR: This review focuses on the triggering role of postsynaptic calcium, the sequence of events which might be initiated by calcium, and where the persistent change may ultimately occur during LTP.

TL;DR: The biological role of junctions has been investigated using antibodies prepared against the major rat liver gap junction protein, and the importance of gap junctional communication for patterning processes is emphasized.

TL;DR: The foundation of fly genetics permits a mutational analysis of eye development and the advanced molecular genetics of Drosophila allows close scrutiny of genes of interest, suggesting a model for neural differentiation in the fly eye.

TL;DR: Preliminary experiments suggest that calcineurin may limitCa2+ influx through dihydropyridine-sensitive Ca2+ channels in the plasma membrane by dephosphorylating the channel, or a closely associated protein, and inactivating it.

TL;DR: Correlating firing at the retinal level has important implications for the use of correlation analysis to study connections between cells in higher visual centers and the role that correlated firing may play in forming appropriate, ordered connections to a target structure.

TL;DR: Ham-Burger as mentioned in this paper describes experimental embryology in the Spemann lab during the 1920s and 1930s, and describes the way experiments were planned and results assessed in a laboratory which must surely rank as one of the most pre-eminent in this field in history.

TL;DR: By infecting cells and identifying their progeny at appropriate stages, it has been possible to obtain new data on cell lineage in retina, cerebral cortex, optic tectum, and peripheral nerve.

TL;DR: The differences in mechanisms and the relations between LTP and kindling are discussed.

TL;DR: Results suggest that receptor-mediated changes in polyphosphoinositide turnover may be involved in the control of cell structure and two major actin-binding proteins found in brain, gelsolin and profilin, specifically interact with phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate, and may themselves play a role in regulating phosphoinositides turnover.

TL;DR: The studies reviewed in this article show that the left cerebral hemisphere in man is specialized for signed as well as spoken languages, and thus may have an innate predisposition for language, independent of language modality.

TL;DR: Calcium (Ca2+)-dependent channels are involved in several aspects of electrolyte transport including regulation of osmolarity in animal cells and of turgor in plant cells, electrolyte secretion in exocrine glands, fluid absorption and secretion in epithelial tissues.