Showing papers in "Water Research in 1992"

TL;DR: In this article, simulated dye wastewater, separately prepared with disperse, reactive, direct, acid and basic dyes, were decolorized with a hydrogen peroxide-ferrous ion system, known as Fenton's reagent.

TL;DR: It is hypothesized that the riverine-promoted eutrophication is a significant factor in the demise of fringing reefs in the inner GBR lagoon and special precautions be exercised in the control of sewage effluents and run-of in the vicinity of coral reefs.

TL;DR: In this article, it was shown that Ca2+ can be extracted from activated sludge from a plant with biological nitrogen and phosphorus removal either by an ion exchange process, where H+, Na+, K+ or Mg2+ served as counter ions, or by chelation by EGTA.

TL;DR: In this paper, the corrosion rate of this area was 4.3-4.7 mm/yr and the deterioration at the crown of the sewer pipe was lowest, 1.4mm/yr.

TL;DR: A series of different functionalized biopolymers were prepared and their comparative efficiencies for removing lead and copper ions from water at part per million concentrations determined as discussed by the authors. But no one material was found to be the best under all experimental circumstances.

TL;DR: In this paper, a peroxidase-catalyzed phenol removal, in which phenol is polymerized to form insoluble precipitates, was investigated in order to reduce the amount of peroxideidase required.

TL;DR: In this article, it has been shown that hydrogen peroxide interferes in chemical oxygen demand (COD) analysis, and further shows how to allow for this interference in future COD analysis.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors focused on uranium sorption mechanisms by Mucor miehei, a fungal biomass used in agro-industries (enzyme synthesis), and showed that with moderate pH, sorption of uranylhydroxides modifies extracellular sorbent structures, consequently inducing a multilayer sorption opposed to monolayer adsorption obtained with acid pH.

TL;DR: The number of reactive free radicals (OH• and Cl•) produced per molecule of photolytically degraded aqueous chlorine was determined by following the degradation rate of added organic trace compounds which respond to OH and Cl radicals but that are resistant both to direct photolysis and to chlorine in the dark as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, a semi-empirical approach for predicting the collision efficiency of particle deposition in porous media has been developed based on dimensional analysis, and a quantitative relationship between collision efficiency and a set of parameters characterizing the chemical-colloidal properties of the system has been derived.

TL;DR: In this article, the authors evaluated the sorption of three micelle-forming non-ionic surfactants and one lamellae-forming nonsmallant on soil using a surface tension technique for aqueous-phase surfactant concentrations less than a critical aggregate concentration.

TL;DR: In this article, residence time distribution studies were conducted on both clean and working anaerobic reactors to investigate the mixing patterns and dead spaces in this novel type of reactor, and the results showed that the mixing is characterized by a number of theoretical perfectly-mixed compartments which correlates closely with the actual number of compartments in the reactor, especially at low hydraulic residence times (HRT).

TL;DR: In waste water, esterase and dehydrogenase activities were found to correlate with microbial abundance measured as colony forming units of heterotrophic bacteria, suggesting that microbial populations were different, or had different physiological properties, in the two types of sludge.

TL;DR: In the absence of a suitable method for routine analysis of large numbers of natural river water samples for organic nitrogen and phosphorus fractions, a new simultaneous digestion technique was developed, based on a standard persulphate digestion procedure as mentioned in this paper.

TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of chromium, cadmium, lead, copper, zinc and nickel on volatile fatty acid (VFA) degradation in anaerobic digestion were studied by using serum bottle assays.

TL;DR: This is the first time a distribution system model has been used to show that the pattern of illness occurrences in a waterborne outbreak study could be related to water movement patterns in the distribution network.

TL;DR: In this paper, a single cell electrochemical reactor that utilizes a proton exchange membrane (PEM) as a solid electrolyte was investigated for the treatment of waters with low or negligible electrolyte content.

TL;DR: In this paper, the concentrations of cadmium, copper, lead, organic compounds of lead and eight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons have been measured in surface drainage waters from a major rural highway in north-west England during a number of runoff events.

TL;DR: In this paper, the growth of porous aggregates during initial mixing is investigated in a series of numerical simulations, and the collision rate constants as a function of fractal dimension, D, and aggregation number, i.e. D is assumed to be independent of aggregate size.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of dissolved humic substances on the adsorption of organic solutes to aquifer solids was investigated and the sensitivity of the model to various parameters was evaluated.

TL;DR: The ability of corrosion tubercles to sustain a diverse population of direct and opportunistic pathogens, able to participate in the corrosion process, may be an unrealized vector in the transmission of certain waterborne diseases to potential risk groups.

TL;DR: In this article, the half-life of aqueous chlorine in clear sky, summer noon sunlit (47°N) water of pH 8 is 12 min when measured at the surface.

TL;DR: In this paper, a study of radioactivity in the phosphate fertilizers and waters of the Kanovci area was performed in order to determine the influence of the application of phosphate fertilizer on the radioactivity of waters.

TL;DR: In this paper, a unique direct observation digitizing method of floc characteristic analysis was developed and applied to suspended solids from Sixteen-Mile Creek in Southern Ontario, which allowed for direct observation of the floc structures which is impossible with conventional methods of sediment sizing.

TL;DR: In this article, the effects of several environmental modifying factors on surfactant toxicity have been reported in the scientific literature during the past 40 years, including mixtures, hardness and temperature.

TL;DR: In this article, a comparison of fluidized bed reactor systems with (1) adsorptive removal capacity only using granular activated carbon (GAC) without microbial growth, (2) combined biological and adaption removal mechanisms using GAC with microbial growth and (3) biological removal only using nonactivated carbon with microbial growing was performed.

TL;DR: In this article, a number of factors associated with filtration, other than just pore size, can substantially alter “dissolved” trace element concentrations; these include filter type, filter diameter, filter method, volume of sample processed, suspended sediment concentration, suspension sediment grain-size distribution, concentration of colloids and colloidally-associated trace elements and concentration of organic matter.

TL;DR: The relationship between biomass and these activity parameters was established in growth cultures made by inoculating a nutrient medium with either wastewater or activated sludge, and compared to data obtained by using the previously mentioned methods as discussed by the authors.

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied the sorption of chlorophenols by anaerobic sludge granules and fitted the data to the Freundlich equation, which described the partitioning behavior of chlorphenols in upflow sludge blanket reactors reasonably well.

TL;DR: In this article, the effect of some of the variables viz. sorbent mass input rate, sorbate flow-rate, initial Sorbate concentration on the removal of fluoride by adsorption on fishbone charcoal in a moving media adaption system was investigated.