4D phase contrast MRI at 3 T: effect of standard and blood-pool contrast agents on SNR, PC-MRA, and blood flow visualization.
Jelena Bock,Alex Frydrychowicz,Aurélien F. Stalder,Thorsten A. Bley,Thorsten A. Bley,Hans Burkhardt,Jürgen Hennig,Michael Markl +7 more
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TLDR
In a group of 30 healthy volunteers, the influence of different contrast agents on vascular signal‐to‐noise ratio, PC‐MRA quality, and subsequent three‐dimensional stream‐line visualization in the thoracic aorta was determined.Abstract:
Time-resolved phase contrast (PC) MRI with velocity encoding in three directions (flow-sensitive four-dimensional MRI) can be employed to assess three-dimensional blood flow in the entire aortic lumen within a single measurement. These data can be used not only for the visualization of blood flow but also to derive additional information on vascular geometry with three-dimensional PC MR angiography (MRA). As PC-MRA is sensitive to available signal-to-noise ratio, standard and novel blood pool contrast agents may help to enhance PC-MRA image quality. In a group of 30 healthy volunteers, the influence of different contrast agents on vascular signal-to-noise ratio, PC-MRA quality, and subsequent three-dimensional stream-line visualization in the thoracic aorta was determined. Flow-sensitive four-dimensional MRI data acquired with contrast agent provided significantly improved signal-to-noise ratio in magnitude data and noise reduction in velocity data compared to measurements without contrast media. The agreement of three-dimensional PC-MRA with reference standard contrast-enhanced MRA was good for both contrast agents, with improved PC-MRA performance for blood pool contrast agent, particularly for the smaller supra-aortic branches. For three-dimensional flow visualization, a trend toward improved results for the data with contrast agent was observed.read more
Citations
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4D flow cardiovascular magnetic resonance consensus statement
Petter Dyverfeldt,Malenka M. Bissell,Alex J. Barker,Ann F. Bolger,Ann F. Bolger,Carl-Johan Carlhäll,Tino Ebbers,Christopher J. Francios,Alex Frydrychowicz,Julia Geiger,Daniel Giese,Michael D. Hope,Philip J. Kilner,Sebastian Kozerke,Saul G. Myerson,Stefan Neubauer,Oliver Wieben,Michael Markl +17 more
TL;DR: It is described that 4D Flow CMR can be clinically advantageous because placement of a single acquisition volume is straightforward and enables flow through any plane across it to be calculated retrospectively and with good accuracy.
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4D flow MRI
TL;DR: This review intends to introduce currently used 4D flow MRI methods, including Cartesian and radial data acquisition, approaches for acceleratedData acquisition, cardiac gating, and respiration control, and an overview over the potential this new imaging technique has in different parts of the body from the head to the peripheral arteries.
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Comprehensive 4D velocity mapping of the heart and great vessels by cardiovascular magnetic resonance
TL;DR: Multidirectional, 3D cine velocity acquisitions are contributing to the understanding of normal and pathologically altered blood flow features, and offers the potential for retrospective quantification of flow and other hemodynamic parameters.
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The American Association for Thoracic Surgery consensus guidelines on bicuspid aortic valve-related aortopathy: Full online-only version
Michael A. Borger,Paul W.M. Fedak,Elizabeth H. Stephens,Thomas G. Gleason,Evaldas Girdauskas,John S. Ikonomidis,Ali Khoynezhad,Samuel C. Siu,Subodh Verma,Michael D. Hope,Duke E. Cameron,Donald F. Hammer,Joseph S. Coselli,Marc R. Moon,Thoralf M. Sundt,Alex J. Barker,Michael Markl,Alessandro Della Corte,Hector I. Michelena,John A. Elefteriades +19 more
TL;DR: Current guidelines cover all major aspects of bicuspid aortic valve aortopathy, including natural history, phenotypic expression, histology and molecular pathomechanisms, imaging, indications for surgery, surveillance, and follow-up, and recommendations for future research.
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Cardiovascular magnetic resonance phase contrast imaging
Krishna S. Nayak,Jon-Fredrik Nielsen,Matt A. Bernstein,Michael Markl,Peter D. Gatehouse,René M. Botnar,David Saloner,Christine H. Lorenz,Han Wen,Bob S. Hu,Frederick H. Epstein,John N. Oshinski,Subha V. Raman +12 more
TL;DR: The current state-of-the-art in CMR phase contrast imaging methodology, clinical applications including summaries of past clinical performance, and emerging research and clinical applications that utilize today’s latest technology are provided.
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