Journal ArticleDOI
A Cupric Silver Histochemical Analysis of Domoic Acid Damage to Olfactory Pathways Following Status Epilepticus in a Rat Model for Chronic Recurrent Spontaneous Seizures and Aggressive Behavior
TLDR
Findings indicate that damage to olfactory pathways is prominent in a rat model for domoic acid–induced chronic recurrent spontaneous seizures and aggressive behavior.Abstract:
The amnesic shellfish toxin, domoic acid, interferes with glutamatergic pathways leading to neuronal damage, most notably causing memory loss and seizures. In this study, the authors utilized a recently developed rat model for domoic acid–induced epilepsy, an emerging disease appearing in California sea lions weeks to months after poisoning, to identify structural damage that may lead to a permanent epileptic state. Sprague Dawley rats were kindled with several low hourly intraperitoneal doses of domoic acid until a state of status epilepticus (SE) appears. This kindling approach has previously been shown to induce a permanent state of epileptic disease in 96% animals within 6 months. Three animals were selected for neurohistology a week after the initial SE. An amino cupric silver staining method using neutral red counterstain was used on every eighth 40 mm coronal section from each brain to highlight neural degeneration from the olfactory bulb through the brain stem. The most extensive damage was found in the olfactory bulb and related olfactory pathways, including the anterior/medial olfactory cortices, endopiriform nucleus, and entorhinal cortex. These findings indicate that damage to olfactory pathways is prominent in a rat model for domoic acid–induced chronic recurrent spontaneous seizures and aggressive behavior.read more
Citations
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The piriform cortex and human focal epilepsy.
TL;DR: From recent convergent findings in human neuroimaging, clinical epileptology, and experimental animal models, the case is made that the piriform cortex is likely to play a facilitating and amplify role in human focal epileptogenesis, and may influence progression to epileptic intractability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Domoic acid epileptic disease.
TL;DR: The concept of domoic acid epileptic disease as a delayed manifestation of domeic acid poisoning is presented and the state of knowledge for this disease state in affected humans and sea lions is reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Subsite awareness in neuropathology evaluation of National Toxicology Program (NTP) studies: a review of select neuroanatomical structures with their functional significance in rodents.
TL;DR: This guide, when used in conjunction with detailed neuroanatomic atlases, may aid in an understanding of the significance of functional neuroanatomy, thereby improving the characterization of neurotoxicity in general toxicity and safety evaluation studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anatomical imaging of the piriform cortex in epilepsy.
TL;DR: This review examines the imaging methods and techniques that have been most informative, leading to current understanding of the anatomy and subdivsions of the piriform cortex as well as its connections to other brain structures, and the abnormalities that can be detected in the setting of epilepsy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Public health risks associated with chronic, low-level domoic acid exposure: A review of the evidence
Rebekah Petroff,Alicia Hendrix,Sara Shum,Kimberly S. Grant,Kathi A. Lefebvre,Thomas M. Burbacher +5 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review characterizes the toxicokinetics and neurotoxicology of DA, discussing results from clinical and preclinical studies after both adult and developmental DA exposure, and makes the case that DA safety limits need to be reassessed to best protect public health from deleterious effects of this widespread marine toxin.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
An outbreak of toxic encephalopathy caused by eating mussels contaminated with domoic acid
TL;DR: The cause of this outbreak of a novel and severe intoxication was the ingestion of mussels contaminated by domoic acid, a potent excitatory neurotransmitter.
Journal ArticleDOI
Association and commissural fiber systems of the olfactory cortex of the rat. I. Systems originating in the piriform cortex and adjacent areas
Lewis B. Haberly,Joseph L. Price +1 more
TL;DR: The association and commissural fiber systems arising in the olfactory cortical areas caudal to the Olfactory peduncle have been studied utilizing horseradish peroxidase as both an anterograde and a retrograde axonal tracer.
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Parallel-distributed processing in olfactory cortex: new insights from morphological and physiological analysis of neuronal circuitry.
TL;DR: To increase the accessibility of findings for PC and to advertise its substantial potential as a model for experimental and modeling analysis of associative processes, parallels are described between PC and the hippocampal formation, inferotemporal visual cortex and prefrontal cortex.
Journal ArticleDOI
What is the function of the claustrum
Francis Crick,Christof Koch +1 more
TL;DR: What is known about the claustrum is summarized, its possible relationship to the processes that give rise to integrated conscious percepts is speculated, mechanisms that enable information to travel widely within the claUSTrum are proposed and experiments to address these questions are discussed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neurologic Sequelae of Domoic Acid Intoxication Due to the Ingestion of Contaminated Mussels
Jeanne Teitelbaum,Robert J. Zatorre,Stirling Carpenter,Daniel Gendron,Alan C. Evans,Albert Gjedde,Neil R. Cashman +6 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that intoxication with domoic acid causes a novel and distinct clinicopathologic syndrome characterized initially by widespread neurologic dysfunction and then by chronic residual memory deficits and motor neuronopathy or axonopathy.