ReportDOI
A Five-Stage Model of the Mental Activities Involved in Directed Skill Acquisition
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In this article, the authors argue that as the student becomes skilled, he depends less on abstract principles and more on concrete experience, and that any skill-training procedure must be based on some model of skill acquisition, so that it can address, at each stage of training, the appropriate issues involved in facilitating advancement.Abstract:
: In acquiring a skill by means of instruction and experience, the student normally passes through five developmental stages which we designate novice, competence, proficiency, expertise and mastery. We argue, based on analysis of careful descriptions of skill acquisition, that as the student becomes skilled, he depends less on abstract principles and more on concrete experience. We systematize and illustrate the progressive changes in a performer's ways of seeing his task environment. We conclude that any skill- training procedure must be based on some model of skill acquisition, so that it can address, at each stage of training, the appropriate issues involved in facilitating advancement.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Discourse, expertise, and the management of risk in health care settings
TL;DR: It is suggested that health care outcomes can be related closely to the quality of the discoursal encounters between professional practitioners and their patients or clients, among professional practitioners themselves, or both.
Journal ArticleDOI
Factors influencing job satisfaction of new graduate nurses participating in nurse residency programs: a systematic review.
TL;DR: Factors that influence job satisfaction of nurse residency program participants are examined, and the evidence for improved satisfaction with nurseidency program participation was mixed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive skills assessment during robot-assisted surgery: separating the wheat from the chaff.
Khurshid A. Guru,Ehsan T. Esfahani,Syed Johar Raza,Rohit Bhat,Katy Wang,Yana Hammond,Gregory E. Wilding,James O. Peabody,Ashirwad Chowriappa +8 more
TL;DR: To investigate the utility of cognitive assessment during robot‐assisted surgery to define skills in terms of cognitive engagement, mental workload, and mental state; while objectively differentiating between novice and expert surgeons.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Measure of Islamophobia
TL;DR: The growing literature on Islamophobia is dominated by empirical studies, the analysis of media representations and socio-psychological approaches, while many of these studies have been valuable in illustrating the range of expressions of Islamophobia; they have been less successful in understanding the phenomena and mapping its relationship with other forms of discriminatory practices such as racism and anti-Semitism as mentioned in this paper.
Proceedings ArticleDOI
A Taxonomy of Motivational Affordances for Meaningful Gamified and Persuasive Technologies
TL;DR: This paper investigates under which circumstances components such as feedback and game elements (e.g., rewards) afford user motivation and produces a taxonomy of design components that is grounded in well-established psychological theories on motivation.
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