A Framework for Public Health Action: The Health Impact Pyramid
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TLDR
A 5-tier pyramid best describes the impact of different types of public health interventions and provides a framework to improve health and implements interventions at each of the levels to achieve the maximum possible sustained public health benefit.Abstract:
A 5-tier pyramid best describes the impact of different types of public health interventions and provides a framework to improve health. At the base of this pyramid, indicating interventions with the greatest potential impact, are efforts to address socioeconomic determinants of health. In ascending order are interventions that change the context to make individuals' default decisions healthy, clinical interventions that require limited contact but confer long-term protection, ongoing direct clinical care, and health education and counseling.Interventions focusing on lower levels of the pyramid tend to be more effective because they reach broader segments of society and require less individual effort. Implementing interventions at each of the levels can achieve the maximum possible sustained public health benefit.read more
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2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular riskThe Task Force for the management of dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and European Atherosclerosis Society (EAS)
François Mach,Colin Baigent,Alberico L. Catapano,Konstantinos C. Koskinas,Manuela Casula,Lina Badimon,M. John Chapman,Guy De Backer,Victoria Delgado,Brian A. Ference,Ian D. Graham,Alison Halliday,Ulf Landmesser,Borislava Mihaylova,Terje R. Pedersen,Gabriele Riccardi,Dimitrios J. Richter,Marc S. Sabatine,Marja-Riitta Taskinen,Lale Tokgozoglu,Olov Wiklund,Christian Mueller,Heinz Drexel,Victor Aboyans,Alberto Corsini,Wolfram Doehner,Michel Farnier,Bruna Gigante,Meral Kayıkçıoğlu,Goran Krstacic,Ekaterini Lambrinou,Basil S. Lewis,Josep Masip,Philippe Moulin,Steffen E. Petersen,Anna Sonia Petronio,Massimo F Piepoli,Xavier Pintó,Lorenz Räber,Kausik K. Ray,Željko Reiner,Walter F Riesen,Marco Roffi,Jean-Paul Schmid,Evgeny Shlyakhto,Iain A. Simpson,Erik S.G. Stroes,Isabella Sudano,Alexandros D Tselepis,Margus Viigimaa,Cecile Vindis,Alexander Vonbank,Michal Vrablik,Mislav Vrsalovic,José Luis Zamorano,Jean-Philippe Collet,Stephan Windecker,Veronica Dean,Donna Fitzsimons,Chris P Gale,Diederick E. Grobbee,Sigrun Halvorsen,Gerhard Hindricks,Bernard Iung,Peter Jüni,Hugo A. Katus,Christophe Leclercq,Maddalena Lettino,Béla Merkely,Miguel Sousa-Uva,Rhian M. Touyz,Djamaleddine Nibouche,Parounak H. Zelveian,Peter Siostrzonek,Ruslan Najafov,Philippe van de Borne,Belma Pojskic,Arman Postadzhiyan,Lambros Kypris,Jindřich Špinar,Mogens Lytken Larsen,Hesham Salah Eldin,Timo E. Strandberg,Jean Ferrières,Rusudan Agladze,Ulrich Laufs,Loukianos S. Rallidis,Laszlo Bajnok,Thorbjorn Gudjonsson,Vincent Maher,Yaakov Henkin,Michele Massimo Gulizia,Aisulu Mussagaliyeva,Gani Bajraktari,Alina Kerimkulova,Gustavs Latkovskis,Omar Hamoui,Rimvydas Šlapikas,Laurent Visser,P. Dingli,Victoria Ivanov,Aneta Boskovic,Mbarek Nazzi,Frank L.J. Visseren,Irena Mitevska,Kjetil Retterstøl,Piotr Jankowski,Ricardo Fontes-Carvalho,Dan Gaita,Marat V. Ezhov,Marina Foscoli,Vojislav Giga,Daniel Pella,Zlatko Fras,Leopoldo Pérez de Isla,Emil Hagström,Roger Lehmann,Leila Abid,Oner Ozdogan,Olena Mitchenko,Riyaz S. Patel +120 more
Journal ArticleDOI
2019 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk
Alison Halliday,Colin Baigent,François Mach,Borislava Mihaylova,Borislava Mihaylova,Brian A. Ference +5 more
TL;DR: Authors/Task Force Members (François Macha, Colin Baigentb,∗∗,2, Alberico L. Catapanoc), ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG) (Stephan Windeckeraa), ESC National Cardiac Societies (Djamaleddine Nibouchean, Parounak H. Patelcl)
Journal ArticleDOI
2016 ESC/EAS Guidelines for the Management of Dyslipidaemias
Alberico L. Catapano,Ian D. Graham,Guy De Backer,Olov Wiklund,M. John Chapman,Heinz Drexel,Arno W. Hoes,Catriona Jennings,Ulf Landmesser,Terje R. Pedersen,Željko Reiner,Gabriele Riccardi,Marja-Riitta Taskinen,Lale Tokgozoglu,W. M. Monique Verschuren,Charalambos Vlachopoulos,David R. Wood,José Luis Zamorano +17 more
TL;DR: The Task Force for the Management of Dyslipidaemias of the European Society of Cardiology and European Atherosclerosis Society and EAS and ABI : ankle-brachial index are formed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prevention of chronic disease in the 21st century: elimination of the leading preventable causes of premature death and disability in the USA
TL;DR: To effectively and equitably address the chronic disease burden, public health and health-care systems need to deploy integrated approaches that bundle strategies and interventions, address many risk factors and conditions simultaneously, create population-wide changes, help the population subgroups most affected, and rely on implementation by many sectors, including public-private partnerships and involvement from all stakeholders.
Journal ArticleDOI
Social Determinants of Risk and Outcomes for Cardiovascular Disease A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association
Edward P. Havranek,Mahasin S. Mujahid,Donald A. Barr,Irene V. Blair,Meryl S. Cohen,Salvador Cruz-Flores,George Davey-Smith,Cheryl Dennison-Himmelfarb,Michael S. Lauer,Debra W. Lockwood,Milagros C. Rosal,Clyde W. Yancy +11 more
TL;DR: An Institute of Medicine report documents the decline in the health status of Americans relative to people in other high-income countries, concluding that “Americans are dying and suffering from illness and injury at rates that are demonstrably unnecessary.
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