Journal ArticleDOI
A hypothesis about the origin of carotenoid lipid droplets in the green algae Dunaliella and Haematococcus.
TLDR
It is proposed that a mutation in phytoene synthetase that increased its transcription level in response to high light stress had a pivotal role in the evolution of the hypercarotenogenic responses (HCR).Abstract:
Hypercarotenogenesis in green algae evolved by mutation of PSY that increased its transcription at high light, disintegration of the eyespot in Dunaliella and acquisition of the capacity to export carotenoids from chloroplasts in Haematococcus. Carotenoids (Car) are lipid-soluble pigments synthesized in plants, algae, bacteria and fungi. Car have strong antioxidative properties and as such are utilized to reduce the danger of different diseases in humans. Two green microalgae are utilized as rich natural sources for Car: Dunaliella salina/bardawil accumulates 10% (w/w) β-carotene (βC), which is also pro-vitamin A, and Haematococcus pluvialis accumulates 4% (w/w) astaxanthin (Ast), the strongest antioxidant among Car. D. bardawil accumulates βC in plastoglobules within the chloroplast, whereas H. pluvialis deposits Ast in cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLD). In this review we compare the hypercarotenogenic responses (HCR) in Dunaliella and in Haematococcus and try to outline hypothetical evolutionary pathways for its origin. We propose that a mutation in phytoene synthetase that increased its transcription level in response to high light stress had a pivotal role in the evolution of the HCR. Proteomic analyses indicated that in D. bardawil/salina the HCR evolved from dissociation and amplification of eyespot lipid globules. The more robust HCR in algae that accumulate carotenoids in CLD, such as H. pluvialis, required also acquisition of the capacity to export βC out of the chloroplast and its enzymatic conversion into Ast.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Lipid droplets throughout the evolutionary tree.
TL;DR: This work surveys the protein and lipid compositions, functional roles, and mechanisms of biogenesis across the breadth of lipid droplets studies throughout the natural world, and proposes a division into three primary classes derived from their sub-cellular location.
Journal ArticleDOI
Enhancement of astaxanthin production by Haematococcus pluvialis using magnesium aminoclay nanoparticles.
Young-Eun Kim,Ibrahim A. Matter,Nakyeong Lee,Mikyoung Jung,Young-Chul Lee,Sun-A Choi,Soo Youn Lee,Jung Rae Kim,You-Kwan Oh +8 more
TL;DR: In this article, the use of magnesium aminoclay (MgAC) nanoparticles for enhancement of astaxanthin production by Haematococcus pluvialis in photoautotrophic cultures was reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reprogramming microorganisms for the biosynthesis of astaxanthin via metabolic engineering.
Xia Wan,Xue-Rong Zhou,Gabriel Moncalián,Lin Su,Chen Wenchao,Zhu Hangzhi,Dan Chen,Yangmin Gong,Fenghong Huang,Deng Qianchun +9 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a review of the application of synthetic biology, enzyme engineering and metabolic engineering in enhancing the synthesis and accumulation of astaxanthin in microorganisms is presented, and the achievements and challenges of these technologies are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Photosynthetic performance, nutrient status and lipid yield of microalgae Chlorella vulgaris and Chlorococcum humicola under UV-B exposure
TL;DR: In this article, the photosynthetic performance, nutrient status and lipid yield in microalgae Chlorococcum humicola and Chlorella vulgaris under different durations of UV-B exposure (1/2 h, 1/5h, 2/2h, 3/3h and 4/4h) were examined.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of xanthophyll cycle carotenoids in the protection of photosynthesis
TL;DR: Recent advances in the understanding of the photophysics, biochemical regulation and ecophysiology of this essential photoprotective process are reviewed.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improving the nutritional value of Golden Rice through increased pro-vitamin A content
Jacqueline Ann Mary Paine,Shipton Catherine Ann,Sunandha Chaggar,Rhian M. Howells,Mike J Kennedy,Gareth Vernon,Susan Y Wright,Edward Hinchliffe,Jessica L Adams,Aron Louis Silverstone,Rachel Drake +10 more
TL;DR: This work hypothesized that the daffodil gene encoding phytoene synthase (psy), one of the two genes used to develop Golden Rice, was the limiting step in β-carotene accumulation, and identified a psy from maize that substantially increased carotenoid accumulation in a model plant system.
Journal ArticleDOI
High-value products from microalgae—their development and commercialisation
TL;DR: This paper briefly reviews the main existing and potential high-value products which can be derived from microalgae and considers their commercial development with a particular focus on the various aspects which need to be considered on the path to commercialisation.
Journal ArticleDOI
The discovery of a mevalonate-independent pathway for isoprenoid biosynthesis in bacteria, algae and higher plants†
TL;DR: The mevalonate route to isopentenyl diphosphate and the GAP/pyruvate pathways in plants are studied to establish an understanding of isoprenoid biosynthesis and the distribution of the pathways amongst prokaryotes and phototrophic eukaryotes.
Journal ArticleDOI
The role of the xanthophyll cycle and of lutein in photoprotection of photosystem II
Peter Jahns,Alfred R. Holzwarth +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a review gives an overview on recent progress in the understanding of the photoprotective role of the xanthophylls zeaxanthin and lutein with emphasis on the NPQ processes associated with photosystem II of higher plants.
Related Papers (5)
Secondary ketocarotenoid astaxanthin biosynthesis in algae: a multifunctional response to stress.
Yves Lemoine,Benoît Schoefs +1 more