Journal ArticleDOI
A Method for Internal Benchmarking of Criminal Justice System Performance
Greg Ridgeway,John M. MacDonald +1 more
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TLDR
A general method, based on propensity scoring and doubly robust estimation, for constructing benchmarks for assessing the performance of entities within the criminal justice system while properly accounting for potentially confounding differences among the entities is presented.Abstract:
Internal benchmarking is the process of comparing the performance of one entity with the performance of comparison entities. Assessments of the various entities of the criminal justice system, such as police officers, judges, correctional facilities, and neighborhoods, often involve the construction of benchmarks with which to compare their relative performance. However, the typically made comparisons do not adequately account for the underlying differences in these entities. This article presents a general method, based on propensity scoring and doubly robust estimation, for constructing benchmarks for assessing the performance of entities within the criminal justice system while properly accounting for potentially confounding differences among the entities. The article demonstrates the method on an assessment of police performance in Cincinnati.read more
Citations
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Examining the Sustainability of Pattern or Practice Police Misconduct Reform
TL;DR: Section 14141 of the Violent Crime Act of 1994 fundamentally restructures the regulation of police behavior in the United States as discussed by the authors, and since the law's passage, dozens of police departments have undergon...
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Policing in the Era of Big Data
TL;DR: In this twenty-first century era of Big Data, all the technologies described in the 1967 Commission report are widely available and accessible to police departments as mentioned in this paper, and a review characterizes what Big Data means for policing, discusses the technologies making Big Data possible, describes how police departments are putting Big Data to use, and assesses how close we are coming to realizing the vision offered in 1967.
Book
Out-of-Control Criminal Justice: The Systems Improvement Solution for More Safety, Justice, Accountability, and Efficiency
TL;DR: The Out-of-Control Criminal Justice (OCJCJ) project as discussed by the authors identifies how systems problems plague our criminal justice systems and presents a comprehensive strategy for bringing these systems under control to reduce crime, to increase justice and accountability, and to do so at less cost.
Book Chapter
On identifying causal effects
Ilya Shpitser,Jin Tian +1 more
TL;DR: This paper reviews the state of the art in identification of causal effects and related counterfactual quantities in the framework of graphical causal models, a formalism where a causal domain of interest is represented by directed acyclic graphs with vertices representing variables of interest, and arrows representing direct causal influences.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects
TL;DR: The authors discusses the central role of propensity scores and balancing scores in the analysis of observational studies and shows that adjustment for the scalar propensity score is sufficient to remove bias due to all observed covariates.
Journal ArticleDOI
A sharper Bonferroni procedure for multiple tests of significance
TL;DR: In this article, a simple procedure for multiple tests of significance based on individual p-values is derived, which is sharper than Holm's (1979) sequentially rejective procedure.
Journal ArticleDOI
Doubly robust estimation in missing data and causal inference models
Heejung Bang,James M. Robins +1 more
TL;DR: The results of simulation studies are presented which demonstrate that the finite sample performance of DR estimators is as impressive as theory would predict and the proposed method is applied to a cardiovascular clinical trial.
Book
Counterfactuals and Causal Inference: Methods and Principles for Social Research
TL;DR: In this article, the authors proposed a method to estimate causal effects by conditioning on observed variables to block backdoor paths in observational social science research, but the method is limited to the case of causal exposure and identification criteria for conditioning estimators.
Journal ArticleDOI
Legal Cynicism and (Subcultural?) Tolerance of Deviance: The Neighborhood Context of Racial Differences
TL;DR: In this paper, a neighborhood-level perspective on racial differences in legal cynicism, dissatisfaction with police, and the tolerance of various forms of deviance is presented. But the authors do not examine the relationship between race and tolerance for deviance.