A Review of Environmental Pollution from the Use and Disposal of Cigarettes and Electronic Cigarettes: Contaminants, Sources, and Impacts
Marc W. Beutel,Thomas C. Harmon,Thomas E. Novotny,Jeremiah Mock,Michelle E. Gilmore,Stephen C. Hart,Samuel J. Traina,Srimanti Duttagupta,Andrew Brooks,Christopher L. Jerde,Eunha Hoh,Laurie C. Van De Werfhorst,Van Butsic,Ariani C. Wartenberg,Patricia A. Holden +14 more
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A review of the current literature related to cigarette and e-cigarette contamination in the context of environmental sources and impacts, with a focus on the documented influences on biota, ranging from bacteria to mammals, is presented in this paper.Abstract:
While the impacts of cigarette smoking on human health are widely known, a less recognized impact of tobacco product use and disposal is environmental pollution. This review discusses the current literature related to cigarette and e-cigarette contamination in the context of environmental sources and impacts, with a focus on the documented influences on biota, ranging from bacteria to mammals. Cigarette butts and electronic cigarette components can leach contaminants into soil, water, and air. Cellulose acetate cigarette filters comprising the butts are minimally degradable and are a source of bulk plastic and microplastic pollution, especially in aquatic ecosystems where they tend to accumulate. Cigarette combustion and aerosol production during e-cigarette use result in air contamination from sidestream, exhaled, and thirdhand pathways. The chemical byproducts of tobacco product use contaminate wastewater effluents, landfill leachates, and urban storm drains. The widespread detection of nicotine and cotinine in the environment illustrates the potential for large-scale environmental impacts of tobacco product waste. Studies show that cigarette butt leachate and nicotine are toxic to microbes, plants, benthic organisms, bivalves, zooplankton, fish, and mammals; however, there remain critical knowledge gaps related to the environmental impacts of tobacco product waste on environmental health and ecosystem functioning.read more
Citations
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Toward a sustainable circular economy for cigarette butts, the most common waste worldwide on the coast.
TL;DR: In this article , the authors present a current synthesis of the litter problem from all its possible aspects in order to have a global vision of the life cycle of the CB, indicating both the known and the gaps in the knowledge of each of them, and intends to give a general outline of the steps to follow to try to end such a worrying problem at the global level.
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Chemical Elements, Flavor Chemicals, and Nicotine in Unused and Used Electronic Cigarettes Aged 5–10 Years and Effects of pH
TL;DR: In this article , the concentrations of elements/metals, nicotine, flavor chemicals and acids were compared in the e-liquids of unused and used first-generation electronic cigarettes (ECs) that were stored for 5-10 years.
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Indoor air pollution and human ocular diseases: Associated contaminants and underlying pathological mechanisms.
TL;DR: In this article , the adverse impacts of indoor pollution on the human ocular surface were summarized, and the importance of reducing associated contaminants to decrease their detrimental effects on human eyes was highlighted.
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E-cigarette attitudes and use in a sample of Australians aged 15-30 years.
Simone Pettigrew,Mia Miller,Joseph Alvin Santos,Thout Sudhir Raj,Katherine Brown,Alexandra Jones +5 more
TL;DR: The authors explored e-cigarette exposure and patterns of vaping in a sample of Australians aged 15-30 years to provide insight into potential means of minimising young people's harm from e-cigarettes.
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Cigarettes butt littering: The story of the world's most littered item from the perspective of pollution, remedial actions, and policy measures.
Kumar Raja Vanapalli,Hari Bhakta Sharma,Shaivya Anand,Ved Prakash Ranjan,Brajesh Dubey,Bijayananda Mohanty +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors analyze the factors responsible for cigarette butt littering, and associated environmental ramifications, and review all the possible technical, behavioural, and policy-based solutions, highlighting the urgent need for policymakers to enforce regulations enabling innovative cigarette designs, the creation of deposit-refund schemes, extended producer responsibility and stringent waste collection mechanisms.
References
More filters
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The intractable cigarette ‘filter problem’
TL;DR: This study indicates that cigarette designers at Philip Morris, British-American Tobacco, Lorillard and other companies believed for a time that they might be able to reduce some of the most dangerous substances in mainstream smoke through advanced engineering of filter tips.
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Secondhand smoke levels in public building main entrances: outdoor and indoor PM2.5 assessment
Xisca Sureda,Xisca Sureda,Jose M. Martínez-Sánchez,Jose M. Martínez-Sánchez,María José López,Marcela Fu,Marcela Fu,Fernando Agüero,Esteve Saltó,Esteve Saltó,Manel Nebot,Esteve Fernández,Esteve Fernández +12 more
TL;DR: Indoor locations where smoking is banned are not completely free from SHS with levels similar to those obtained in the immediate entrances (outdoors) wheresmoking is allowed, indicating that SHS from outdoors settings drifts to adjacent indoors.
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The oral health impact of electronic cigarette use: a systematic review.
TL;DR: Although switching to e-cigarettes may mitigate oral symptomatology for conventional smokers, findings from this review suggest that a wide range of oral health sequelae may be associated with e-cigarette use.
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Occurrence and distribution of carbamazepine, nicotine, estrogenic compounds, and their transformation products in wastewater from various treatment plants and the aquatic environment.
TL;DR: Estriol and estrone were found in many of the HTP influents, but estrone was dominant in the effluent and other water samples, and Estriol was the dominant estrogenic compound in theHTP and hospital wastewater treatment plant influents.
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Cigarette butts as a microfiber source with a microplastic level of concern.
TL;DR: In this article, the detachment rate, toxicity, and degradability of the microfibers detached from the cigarette butts were evaluated, and it was found that SFs detach approximately 100 small micro particles.