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Journal ArticleDOI

A review of mass transfer to interfaces

Peter Harriott
- 01 Apr 1962 - 
- Vol. 40, Iss: 2, pp 60-69
TLDR
In this paper, the authors reviewed the theories for mass transfer to rigid or mobile interfaces and compared with selected experimental data. And they showed that the penetration theory holds exactly for many devices which expose liquid surfaces for a short and known contact time, and, judged by a 0.5 exponent for the diffusivity, probably holds for the liquid phase in absorbers and for both phases in bubble cap towers.
Abstract
The theories for mass transfer to rigid or mobile interfaces are reviewed and compared with selected experimental data. Except for transfer to particles in stagnant fluids, there is no case where the rate depends on the first power of the diffusivity, as implied by the film theory. The transfer coefficients for single rigid spheres, for particles in packed beds, and for the gas film in packed absorbers vary with about the 2/3 power of the diffusivity, as predicted by the boundary layer theory, which works fairly well for these cases because transfer to the wake region is relatively small. The penetration theory holds exactly for many devices which expose liquid surfaces for a short and known contact time, and, judged by a 0.5 exponent for the diffusivity, the penetration theory probably holds for the liquid phase in absorbers and for both phases in bubble-cap towers. Theory and data for transfer to mobile interfaces show the coefficients to vary with D0.5 to D3/5, the limiting solutions for high and low interface velocity corresponding to the penetration theory and the boundary layer theory. Mass transfer in turbulent fluids is an unsteady-state process, and the transfer coefficient varies with the 0.5-0.8 power of the diffusivity even with very high turbulence. L'auteur fait une revue des theories sur le transfert de masse aux interfaces rigides ou mobiles et les compare avec des resultats experimentaux selectionnes. Sauf pour le transfert aux particules dans les fluides stagnants, il ne se trouve aucun cas ou le taux varie proportionnellement a la diffusivite, comme l'implique la theorie des films. Les coefficients de transfert pour une sphere rigide, pour les particules d'un lit et pour le film gazeux dans une colonne garnie, varient suivant la diffusivite a la puissance 2/3, tel que le predit la theorie de la couche limite. Celle-ci s'applique assez bien dans ces cas parce que le transfert a la region du sillage est relativement faible. La theorie de la penetration tient exactement pour plusieurs dispositifs qui permettent l'exposition de surfaces liquides pendant un temps de contact court et connu. A en juger par la puissance 0.5 pour la diffusivite, la theorie de penetration est probablement applicable a la phase liquide dans les absorbeurs et aux deux phases dans les colonnes a plateaux. La theorie et les resultats pour le transfert aux interfaces mobiles montrent que les coefficients sont une fonction de la diffusivite allant de D1/2 a D2/3, ces solutions limites pour une vitesse d'interface elevee ou basse correspondant respectivement a la theorie de la penetration et a la theorie de la couche limite. Le transfert de masse dans les liquides ou il y a turbulence est un processus instable et le coefficient de transfert varie avec D0.5 a D0.6, měme quand la turbulence est tres grande.

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Citations
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References
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Journal Article

Evaporation from drops 1

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Theory of Growth of Spherical Precipitates from Solid Solution

TL;DR: In this paper, the radius of a spherical precipitate particle growing in a solid solution of initially uniform composition was shown to be equal to α(Dt)½, where D is the atomic diffusion coefficient, t the time of growth, and α, the growth coefficient, is a dimensionless function of the pertinent compositions.
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On the dynamics of phase growth

TL;DR: In this paper, the equations governing spherically symmetric phase growth in an infinite medium are first formulated for the general case and then simplified to describe growth controlled by the transport of heat and matter.