A review of the types of childhood cancer associated with a medical X-ray examination of the pregnant mother
Richard Wakeford,John F. Bithell +1 more
TLDR
For 65 years, the interpretation of the statistical association between the risk of cancer in a child and a prior diagnostic X-ray examination of the abdomen of the pregnant mother has been debated.Abstract:
For 65 years the interpretation of the statistical association between the risk of cancer in a child and a prior diagnostic X-ray examination of the abdomen of the pregnant mother has been debatedread more
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Areas of research to support the system of radiological protection.
Dominique Laurier,Werner Rühm,François Paquet,Kimberly E. Applegate,Donald Cool,Christopher Clement +5 more
TL;DR: The ICRP's updated vision on "Areas of research to support the System of Radiological Protection" as discussed by the authors was previously published in 2017, which aims to complement the research priorities promoted by other relevant international organisations, with the specificity of placing them in the perspective of the evolution of the system of radiological protection.
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Review of the risk of cancer following low and moderate doses of sparsely ionising radiation received in early life in groups with individually estimated doses
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors reviewed and summarised evidence from 60 studies of cancer or benign neoplasms following low- or moderate-level exposure in utero or in childhood from medical and environmental sources.
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Melanoma in pregnancy: Diagnosis and management in early-stage and advanced disease.
TL;DR: In this article , a review of the existing literature on melanoma management in pregnancy associated melanoma (PAM) is presented. And a framework for the investigation and multidisciplinary management of PAM is provided.
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Cancer risks among studies of medical diagnostic radiation exposure in early life without quantitative estimates of dose
TL;DR: In this paper , the authors reviewed and summarised evidence from 89 studies of cancer following medical diagnostic exposure in utero or in childhood, in which no direct estimates of radiation dose are available.
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Radiation exposures in pregnancy, health effects and risks to the embryo/foetus-information to inform the medical management of the pregnant patient.
TL;DR: In this paper, a summary of available information on sources of radiation exposure of the embryo/foetus primarily in medical settings is provided, including both intentional and unintended exposure, and several suggestions for future basic science research, education and training, and radiation protection practice are identified.
References
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Measuring inconsistency in meta-analyses
TL;DR: A new quantity is developed, I 2, which the authors believe gives a better measure of the consistency between trials in a meta-analysis, which is susceptible to the number of trials included in the meta- analysis.
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The environment and disease: association or causation?
TL;DR: The criteria outlined in "The Environment and Disease: Association or Causation?" help identify the causes of many diseases, including cancers of the reproductive system.
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Uncertainty in heterogeneity estimates in meta-analyses
TL;DR: It is argued that, although meta-analyses often measure heterogeneity between studies, these estimates can have large uncertainty, which must be taken into account when interpreting evidence.
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Much ado about nothing: a comparison of the performance of meta-analytical methods with rare events.
TL;DR: At event rates below 1 per cent the Peto one‐step odds ratio method was the least biased and most powerful method, and provided the best confidence interval coverage, provided there was no substantial imbalance between treatment and control group sizes within trials, and treatment effects were not exceptionally large.