Journal ArticleDOI
A review on in situ monitoring technology for directed energy deposition of metals
Zijue Tang,Weiwei Liu,Wang Yiwen,Kaze Mojtaba Saleheen,Zhichao Liu,Shitong Peng,Zhao Zhang,Hong-Chao Zhang +7 more
TLDR
This paper describes the important sensing signals and equipment to exhibit the research status in detail and describes the common problems that arise when gathering these signals and resolvent methods.Abstract:
Directed energy deposition (DED) is an important additive manufacturing method for producing or repairing high-end and high-value equipment Meanwhile, the lack of reliable and uniform qualities is a key problem in DED applications With the development of sensing devices and control systems, in situ monitoring (IM) and adaptive control (IMAC) technology is an effective method to enhance the reliability and repeatability of DED In this paper, we review current IM technologies in IMAC for metal DED First, this paper describes the important sensing signals and equipment to exhibit the research status in detail Meanwhile, common problems that arise when gathering these signals and resolvent methods are presented Second, process signatures obtained from sensing signals and transfer approaches from sensing signals for processing signatures are shown Third, this work reviews the developments of the IM of product qualities and illustrates ways to realize quality monitoring Lastly, this paper specifies the main existing problems and future research of IM in metal DEDread more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Directed energy deposition (DED) additive manufacturing: Physical characteristics, defects, challenges and applications
David Svetlizky,Mitun Das,Baolong Zheng,Alexandra L. Vyatskikh,Susmita Bose,Amit Bandyopadhyay,Julie M. Schoenung,Enrique J. Lavernia,Noam Eliaz +8 more
TL;DR: Directed energy deposition (DED) is a branch of additive manufacturing (AM) processes in which a feedstock material in the form of powder or wire is delivered to a substrate on which an energy source such as laser beam, electron beam, or plasma/electric arc is simultaneously focused, thus forming a small melt pool and continuously depositing material, layer by layer as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Critical review of the state of the art in multi-material fabrication via directed energy deposition
D.R. Feenstra,Rajarshi Banerjee,Hamish L. Fraser,Aijun Huang,Andrey Molotnikov,Nick Birbilis +5 more
TL;DR: Directed energy deposition (DED) is an additive manufacturing technique that employs laser melting to permit for the free form manufacturing of components from many input materials from powder or wire form of feedstock as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gas metal arc welding based additive manufacturing—a review
TL;DR: This review begins with the GMAW-AM procedure, performance capability, identification of factors affecting the deposition performance, and strategies adopted to overcome these issues, and several aspects such as mathematical modelling, optimization, key process parameters, and their combinations for a wide range of wire electrode material and percentage contributions are reviewed and depicted in detail.
Journal ArticleDOI
A review on metallurgical aspects of laser additive manufacturing (LAM): Stainless steels, nickel superalloys, and titanium alloys
TL;DR: In this paper , a review of the state of the art in 3D printing is presented and the gaps in the scientific understanding are underlined, which may limit the growth of LAM technology for the design of metallic parts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Current research and industrial application of laser powder directed energy deposition
Gabriele Piscopo,Luca Iuliano +1 more
TL;DR: In this article , a review of the industrial applications of laser powder directed energy deposition (LP-DED) is presented, and three main applications are identified in repairing, designed material, and production.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Review of in-situ process monitoring and in-situ metrology for metal additive manufacturing
Sarah K. Everton,Sarah K. Everton,Matthias Hirsch,Petros Stravroulakis,Richard Leach,Adam T. Clare +5 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the state-of-the-art with respect to inspection methodologies compatible with additively manufactured (AM) processes is explored with the intention of identifying new avenues for research and proposing approaches to integration into future generations of AM systems.
Journal ArticleDOI
Wire-feed additive manufacturing of metal components: technologies, developments and future interests
TL;DR: In this paper, an in depth review of various process aspects of wire-feed additive manufacturing, including quality and accuracy of wirefeed AM processed components, is presented, and the overall objective is to identify the current challenges for wire feed additive manufacturing as well as point out the future research direction.
Journal ArticleDOI
An overview of Direct Laser Deposition for additive manufacturing; Part II: Mechanical behavior, process parameter optimization and control
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors provide an overview of the mechanical characteristics and behavior of metallic parts fabricated via direct laser deposition (DLD), while also discussing methods to optimize and control the DLD process.
Journal ArticleDOI
A Review on Process Monitoring and Control in Metal-Based Additive Manufacturing
Gustavo Tapia,Alaa Elwany +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Keyhole threshold and morphology in laser melting revealed by ultrahigh-speed x-ray imaging
Ross B. Cunningham,Cang Zhao,Niranjan D. Parab,Christopher Kantzos,Joseph Pauza,Kamel Fezzaa,Tao Sun,Anthony D. Rollett +7 more
TL;DR: The direct visualization of the keyhole morphology and dynamics with high-energy x-rays shows that (i) keyholes are present across the range of power and scanning velocity used in laser powder bed fusion; and (ii) there is a well-defined threshold from conduction mode to keyhole based on laser power density.
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