Journal ArticleDOI
A semi-continuous culture system for production of cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes by the anaerobic fungus Piromyces sp. strain E2.
M. J. Teunissen,Richard J. S. Baerends,Robert A. G. Knelissen,Huub J. M. Op den Camp,Godfried D. Vogels +4 more
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TLDR
A system was developed for the semi-continuous cultivation of an anaerobic fungus, Piromyces sp.Abstract:
A system was developed for the semi-continuous cultivation of an anaerobic fungus, Piromyces sp. strain E2 (isolated from an Indian elephant), on Avicel (microcrystalline cellulose). The fungus was grown in a semi-continuous culture system: solids and fungal biomass was retained by means of a simple filter construction whereas the culture fluid was removed continuously. The production of fermentation products (acetate, ethanol, formate, lactate, hydrogen or methane), cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes, and protein by the fungus in monoculture or co-culture with Methanobacterium formicicum during growth on Avicel was monitored up to 45 days. These productions stabilized after an adaptation period of 24 and 30 days in the semi-continuous co-culture and monoculture, respectively. After this period the average (±SD) avicelase, β-glucosidase, endoglucanase, and xylanase production in the semi-continuous monoculture were 27±6, 140±16, 1057±120 and 5012±583 IU.l−1.dya−1, respectively. Co-culture with the methanogen caused a shift in fermentation products to more acetate, and less ethanol and lactate. Furthermore, the production of all cellulolytic enzymes increased (40%) and xylanolytic enzyme production decreased (35%).read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Microbial cellulose utilization: fundamentals and biotechnology.
TL;DR: A concluding discussion identifies unresolved issues pertaining to microbial cellulose utilization, suggests approaches by which such issues might be resolved, and contrasts a microbially oriented cellulose hydrolysis paradigm to the more conventional enzymatically oriented paradigm in both fundamental and applied contexts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Production of fungal xylanases
TL;DR: Xylanase activities produced by different organisms, including filamentous fungi and yeasts, are compared for both submerged and solid-state fermentations, and data on the concurrent formation of cellulolytic enzyme activities are included.
Journal ArticleDOI
Anaerobic fungi and their cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes
TL;DR: This review summarizes the present knowledge of anaerobic fungi with special emphasis on their cellulolytic and xylanolytic enzymes and a comparison with aerobic fungi is made.
Journal ArticleDOI
Direct conversion of cellulose to methane by anaerobic fungus Neocallimastix frontalis and defined methanogens
TL;DR: Co-cultures of N. frontalis with a formate-utilizing methanogen, Methanobacterium formicicum and/or an aceticlastic methanogens, MethAnosaeta concilii, were performed for methane production from cellulose to produce CH4 and found that production of lactate and ethanol decreased.
Journal ArticleDOI
Efficient Production of Cellulolytic and Xylanolytic Enzymes by the Rumen Anaerobic Fungus, Neocallimastix frontalis, in a Repeated Batch Culture.
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of products such as acetate, formate, lactate, and ethanol have in inhibiting the growth of Neocallimastix frontalis.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Edwardsiella tarda, a New Pathogen of Channel Catfish (Ictalurus punctatus)
F. P. Meyer,G. L. Bullock +1 more
TL;DR: Edwardsiella tarda, an enteric, gram-negative bacterium, causes gas-filled, malodorous lesions in muscle tissue of channel catfish and its incidence and epizootiology are presented.
Journal ArticleDOI
Methanogens in human and animal intestinal Tracts
Terry L. Miller,Meyer J. Wolin +1 more
TL;DR: Methanogens are members of microbial communities that inhabit the large intestine of man and animals and the specialized forestomachs of some herbivores (e. g., ruminants).
Journal ArticleDOI
Rumen bacterial and fungal degradation of Digitaria pentzii grown with or without sulfur.
TL;DR: It is established that rumen fungi can be significant degraders of fiber and further establish a unique role for them in attacking and weakening lignocellulosic tissues.
Journal ArticleDOI
Polysaccharide-degrading enzymes formed by three species of anaerobic rumen fungi grown on a range of carbohydrate substrates
Alan G. Williams,Colin G. Orpin +1 more
TL;DR: The range of polysaccharide-degrading enzymes formed by three anaerobic rumen fungi (Neocallimastix patriciarum, Piromonas communis, and an unidentified isolate) was monitored following growth on seven mono-, di-, and poly- Saccharide carbohydrate substrates and their modes of action, pH optima, substrate affinities, and response to potential inhibitors were similar.
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