A simple technique for correlating film and EMG in locomotion studies
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TLDR
Vigorous locomotor movements of unrestrained animals are recorded on 16-mm film and synchronized with one or more EMGs from selected muscles with little electrical noise or movement artifact interference.Abstract:
Two recurring problems hampering investigations of muscular activity patterns during locomotion are electrical “noise” and movement artifact in the electromyographic (EMG) signal and proper synchronization of behavioral events to the EMG. A relatively simple technique for achieving these ends is presented. Vigorous locomotor movements of unrestrained animals are recorded on 16-mm film and synchronized with one or more EMGs from selected muscles with little electrical noise or movement artifact interference. The system employs telemetry which is compared to hardwire techniques.read more
Citations
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The cat step cycle: Electromyographic patterns for hindlimb muscles during posture and unrestrained locomotion
TL;DR: The telemetered electromyographic activity of select hindlimb muscles of unrestrained cats during standing, walking, trotting, and galloping have been recorded and the pattern of extensor activity of the ankle, knee, and hip during locomotion is fairly consistent, while that of the flexors is more variable.
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A functional analysis of the primary upstroke and downstroke muscles in the domestic pigeon (Columba livia) during flight.
TL;DR: In domestic pigeons (Columba livia), the electrical activity of the major depressor muscle of the wing, the pectoralis (pars thoracicus), beings in late upstroke well before the wing begins its downstroke excursion.
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The functions of the lumbar spine during stepping in the cat.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the lumbar spine contributes substantially to step length and limb speed during galloping and half‐bounding steps and the epaxial and abdominal musculature may also act as elastic bodies.
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Gluteus maximus muscle function and the origin of hominid bipedality.
TL;DR: The cranial portions of both right and left muscles were investigated and found to be significantly recruited when the trunk is used in throwing and clubbing, initiating rotation of the pelvis and braking it as trunk rotation ceases and the forelimb accelerates.
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Methodological considerations for measuring spontaneous physical activity in rodents
Jennifer A. Teske,Jennifer A. Teske,Jennifer A. Teske,Claudio E. Perez-Leighton,Charles J. Billington,Charles J. Billington,Catherine M. Kotz,Catherine M. Kotz,Catherine M. Kotz +8 more
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References
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Physiology of feeding in miniature pigs
TL;DR: The anatomy and physiology of feeding in miniature swine were studied, using gross dissection, electromyography, cinematography, and cineradiography.
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Biological Versatility, Evolution, and Food Resource Exploitation in African Cichlid Fishes
Karel F. Liem,J. W. M. Osse +1 more
TL;DR: Anatomical data presented here reveal that cichlids possess a specific kind of mosaic in which the basic percoid jaw apparatus permits unparalleled optimal adaptations by simple morphogenetic changes while unique and dramatically diverse patterns of muscular coordination involving degrees of synchrony and extensive modulating capabilities of antagonistic muscle groups have been discovered electromyographically.
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Muscle activity in rat locomotion: movement analysis and electromyography of the flexors and extensors of the elbow
Avis H. Cohen,Carl Gans +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors describe the behavior of white rats conditioned to run freely in an activity wheel (which they drive) in terms of soft contact, hard contact, soft contact and flip phases.
Journal ArticleDOI
Mastication in the little brown bat, Myotis lucifugus.
Frank C. Kallen,Carl Gans +1 more
TL;DR: Higher nervous control beyond the simple jaw‐opening reflex appears necessary to explain the firing order of the digastrics and the phase relationship of orbital reversal to overall muscular firing intensity.