Journal ArticleDOI
A Study of the Relation between Bicontinuous Microemulsions and Oil/Water Nano-emulsion Formation
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TLDR
In this article, the relation between the phase equilibria observed at the hydrophilic−lipophilic balance (HLB) temperature or the PIT (i.e., the nature, number and relative volume fractions of the involved phases), the droplet sizes, and polydispersities of the resulting emulsions have been determined.Abstract:
Oil/water (O/W) nano-emulsions have been formed in the system water/C16E6/mineral oil by the phase inversion temperature (PIT) method. The relation between the phase equilibria observed at the hydrophilic−lipophilic balance (HLB) temperature or the PIT (i.e., the nature, number, and relative volume fractions of the involved phases), the droplet sizes, and polydispersities of the resulting emulsions have been determined. Milky white emulsions were obtained when, at the HLB temperature, a three-phase equilibrium formed by water (W), shear-birefringent microemulsion (D), and oil (O) was observed. However, bluish transparent O/W nano-emulsions with droplet sizes as low as 40 nm were formed in a narrow range of oil-to-surfactant ratios in which a D or W + D phases were the initial equilibrium phases. In the W + D equilibria, droplet sizes were independent from the water content, indicating that nanodroplet formation is mainly controlled by the structure of the D phase. These results suggest that the main requi...read more
Citations
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Design and Production of Nanoparticles Formulated From Nano-Emulsion Templates-A Review
TL;DR: A link between nano-emulsion formulation methods and nanoparticle generation is proposed, while at the same time bearing in mind the above-mentioned parameters for active molecule encapsulation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nanoemulsions: formation, properties and applications
TL;DR: The major methods to prepare nanoemulsions, theories to predict droplet size, physical conditions and chemical additives which affect droplet stability, and recent applications are summarized.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nano-emulsions: New applications and optimization of their preparation
TL;DR: A review of the most recent literature on developments of nano-emulsions as final application products and on the optimization of their preparation can be found in this paper, where the authors focus on the most relevant literature.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nanoemulsions for Food Applications: Development and Characterization
TL;DR: The application of nanotechnology to food, medical and pharmaceutical industries has received great attention from the scientific community as discussed by the authors, which is particularly suited for the fabrication of encapsulating systems for functional compounds as it prevents their degradation and improves their bioavailability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nano-emulsions: Formation by low-energy methods
Conxita Solans,Isabel Solé +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the main developments on nano-emulsion formation by low-energy methods in the last five years are reviewed, including issues such as size-range, terminology and classification of low energy emulsification methods.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
A new model for upper and lower critical solution temperatures in poly(ethylene oxide) solutions
TL;DR: Diagramme de phases du systeme PEO-eau calcule en utilisant la theorie de Flory; accord semi-quantitatif avec l'experience as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
The effect of temperature on the phase equilibria and the types of dispersions of the ternary system composed of water, cyclohexane, and nonionic surfactant
Kōzō Shinoda,Hiroshi Saito +1 more
TL;DR: The phase diagrams of water-cyclohexane systems containing 3 and 7 wt. % of polyoxyethylene (9.7) nonylphenylether have been determined as a function of temperature as mentioned in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
Formation of Nano-emulsions by Low-Energy Emulsification Methods at Constant Temperature
TL;DR: In this paper, the formation of nano-emulsions was studied in the system water/Brij 30/decane at 25 °C by three low-energy emulsification methods: stepwise addition of oil to a water−surfactant mixture, stepwise adding water to a solution of the surfactant in oil, and mixing all the components in the final composition.
Journal ArticleDOI
Formation and Stability of Nano-Emulsions Prepared Using the Phase Inversion Temperature Method
P. Izquierdo,Jordi Esquena,Th.F. Tadros,C. Dederen,Maria José Garcia,N. Azemar,Conxita Solans +6 more
TL;DR: In this article, the phase inversion temperature emulsification method was used for the formation of O/W nano-emulsions in water/C12Ē4/oil systems.