Abolishing school fees in Malawi: the impact on education access and equity
Samer Al-Samarrai,Hassan Zaman +1 more
TLDR
In Malawi, the newly elected government in 1994, abolished primary school fees as discussed by the authors and showed that enrolment rates have increased dramatically over the 1990s, at both the primary and secondary levels, and that crucially these gains have been greatest for the poor.Abstract:
In 1994, the newly elected Government in Malawi abolished primary school fees. Using household survey data from 1990/91 and 1997/98, this paper assesses the impact this major policy change, combined with increased Government spending on education, has had on access to schooling by the poor. This paper shows that enrolment rates have increased dramatically over the 1990s, at both the primary and secondary levels, and that crucially these gains have been greatest for the poor. In order to sustain and build‐on these gains the paper suggests cutting back on the informal ‘contributions’ that are widely prevalent in primary school and improving the allocation of secondary school funding. Furthermore, the focus of policy reform, particularly at primary level, should shift towards raising the quality of education. Finally the paper argues that careful advance planning and piloting of the reform in selected areas are useful strategies that other countries considering abolishing primary school fees could t...read more
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Bright Futures in Malawi’s New Dawn: Educational Aspirations as Assertions of Identity
TL;DR: Drawing from in-depth interviews and archival sources, the author shows that four elements are understood to jointly produce educational success: ambitious career goals, sustained effort, unflagging optimism, and resistance to temptation.
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Access, Sorting, and Achievement: The Short-Run Effects of Free Primary Education in Kenya
Adrienne M. Lucas,Isaac Mbiti +1 more
TL;DR: It is argued that the Kenyan Free Primary Education program was welfare enhancing as it promoted educational access without substantially reducing the test scores of students who would have been in school in the absence of the program.
Journal ArticleDOI
Improving health with programmatic, legal, and policy approaches to reduce gender inequality and change restrictive gender norms.
Jody Heymann,Jessica K Levy,Bijetri Bose,Vanessa Ríos-Salas,Yehualashet Mekonen,Hema Swaminathan,Negar Omidakhsh,Adva Gadoth,Kate Huh,Margaret E. Greene,Gary L. Darmstadt,Margaret Eleanor Greene,Sarah Hawkes,Lori Heise,Sarah Henry,Jeni Klugman,Ruth Levine,Anita Raj,Geeta Rao Gupta +18 more
TL;DR: This review comprehensively reviewed the peer-reviewed and grey literature for rigorously evaluated programmes that aimed to reduce gender inequality and restrictive gender norms and improve health and discussed examples of how improved governance can support gender-equitable laws, policies, and programmes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Does Schooling Affect Women's Desired Fertility? Evidence From Malawi, Uganda, and Ethiopia.
TL;DR: A fuzzy regression discontinuity analysis of the effect of schooling on women’s desired fertility in Malawi, Uganda, and Ethiopia in the mid-1990s is conducted to contribute to demographic understandings of the factors influencing individual-level fertility behaviors and thus aggregate- level fertility decline in sub-Saharan Africa.
The effects of user fee reductions on enrollment : evidence from a quasi-experiment
TL;DR: In this article, the effects of user fee reductions on enrollment in primary and high school in Colombia were evaluated. But the results of the study showed that the positive effect of the fee reduction appeared to be larger for at-risk students and not vary by gender.
References
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TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined the effectiveness of public social spending on education and health care in several African countries and found that these programs favor not the poor, but those who are better-off.
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TL;DR: In this paper, the distributive effects of public expenditures in Malaysia were investigated, focusing on public spending for education, medical care, public utilities, and agriculture, and two sets of data were developed: information on the costs of government output in each of several major programs and a sample survey of use of these services by household.
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Benefit Incidence, Public Spending Reforms, and the Timing of Program Capture
Peter Lanjouw,Martin Ravallion +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used the geographic variation found in household survey data for rural India to estimate the marginal odds of participating in schooling and antipoverty programs, which suggest early capture of these programs by the non-poor.
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Assessing the welfare impacts of public spending
TL;DR: In this article, the authors survey the methods most often used to assess the welfare effects of public spending and draw conclusions about the limitations of current practices and implications for future best practices.