Journal ArticleDOI
Adaptive Optics in Astronomy
Francois Roddier,Laird Thompson +1 more
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TLDR
An approach to design electro‐optical systems that measure and undo the effects of clear‐air turbulence in real time, delivering near‐diffraction‐limited performance at infrared and visible wavelengths at optical wavelengths.Abstract:
Optical observations by ground‐based astronomers have long been limited by the distorting effects of the Earth's atmosphere. Primary mirrors have been polished to exquisite accuracy for telescopes with apertures as large as 10 meters, but at optical wavelengths these can deliver an angular resolution typically no better than that of a 25‐cm telescope, as atmospheric turbulence deforms the image on a millisecond time scale. One (highly expensive) approach to overcome this problem has been to loft instruments such as the Hubble Space Telescope above the atmosphere. Another approach, pursued by instrument builders in the astronomy community and their counterparts in the military, has been to design electro‐optical systems that measure and undo the effects of clear‐air turbulence in real time. (See figure 1.) A number of such adaptive optic devices have already been built and operated on large ground‐based telescopes, delivering near‐diffraction‐limited performance at infrared and visible wavelengths. With th...read more
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Light fields in complex media: Mesoscopic scattering meets wave control
Stefan Rotter,Sylvain Gigan +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, a review summarizes how insights from mesoscopic scattering theory have direct relevance for optical wave control experiments and vice versa, and the results are expected to have an impact on a number of fields ranging from biomedical imaging to nanophotonics, quantum information, and communication technology.
Journal ArticleDOI
Michelson Interferometry with the Keck I Telescope
Peter G. Tuthill,Peter G. Tuthill,John D. Monnier,John D. Monnier,William C. Danchi,Edward H. Wishnow,Edward H. Wishnow,Christopher A. Haniff +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the first use of Michelson interferometry on the Keck I telescope for diraction-limited imaging in the near-infrared JHKL bands was reported.
Journal ArticleDOI
Comparison of centroid computation algorithms in a Shack–Hartmann sensor
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors combined analytical theory with extensive numerical simulations to compare different centroiding algorithms: thresholding, weighted centroid, correlation, quad cell (QC).
Journal ArticleDOI
PHARO: A Near‐Infrared Camera for the Palomar Adaptive Optics System
Thomas L. Hayward,Bernhard R. Brandl,Bruce Pirger,C. Blacken,George E. Gull,Justin Schoenwald,J. R. Houck +6 more
TL;DR: The Palomar High Angular Resolution Observer (PHARO) as discussed by the authors uses a HgCdTe HAWAII detector for observations between 1 and 2.5 mm wavelength.
Journal ArticleDOI
On the nature of the measurements provided by a pyramid wave-front sensor
TL;DR: In this paper, an easy-to-handle relationship between the Pyramid Wave-Front Sensor (PWS) measurements and the wave-front phase is derived and the results are compared to an existing analytical model for the SHS.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Optical Resolution Through a Randomly Inhomogeneous Medium for Very Long and Very Short Exposures
TL;DR: In this article, the average resolution of very-long and very-short-exposure images is studied in terms of the phase and log-amplitude structure functions, whose sum is called the wave-structure function.
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The possibility of compensating astronomical seeing
TL;DR: In this article, the effect of a number of turbulent elements leads to an unsteady enlargement of the image, perhaps with some irregular shifting in position, and the seriousness of this is evident when one realizes that ideally the 200-inch Hale telescope is capable of giving diffraction images of stars about %0 oi a second of arc in diameter, yet the size of the "seeing image" produced is in the range j4 second to perhaps 5 or 10 seconds, being about 2 seconds in diameter on the average.
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Curvature sensing and compensation: a new concept in adaptive optics.
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors describe a systeme a boucle fermee utilisant un miroir bimorphe for perturbation atmospherique, en temps reel, de fronts d'onde soumis a une perturbations atmosphereherique.
Journal ArticleDOI
ADAPTIVE OPTICS FOR ASTRONOMY: Principles, Performance, and Applications
TL;DR: In this article, the focus is changed back to angular resolution and collecting power of a telescope by setting the diffraction limit of the telescope, which is determined by its diameter, rather than its angular resolution.