Age constraints of rock glaciers in the Southern Alps/New Zealand - Exploring their palaeoclimatic potential
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Citations
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References
Exploring the potential of luminescence methods for dating Alpine rock glaciers
Reconstructing atmospheric circulation over southern New Zealand: Establishment of modern westerly airflow 5500 years ago and implications for Southern Hemisphere Holocene climate change
A Combination of Relative-Numerical Dating Methods Indicates Two High Alpine Rock Glacier Activity Phases After the Glacier Advance of the Younger Dryas
Periglacial Preconditioning of Debris Flows in the Southern Alps, New Zealand
Related Papers (5)
Rock glaciers and the geomorphological evolution of deglacierizing mountains
Schmidt hammer exposure-age dating: developing linear age-calibration curves using Holocene bedrock surfaces from the Jotunheimen–Jostedalsbreen regions of southern Norway
Frequently Asked Questions (14)
Q2. What have the authors stated for future works in "Age constraints of rock glaciers in the southern alps/new zealand – exploring their palaeoclimatic potential" ?
Future work exploring the palaeoclimatic potential of rock glacier in the Southern Alps to establish consolidated regional patterns seems, therefore, of high priority.
Q3. What is the important outcome of the Schmidthammer sampling?
the most important outcome of Schmidthammer sampling along the longitudinal profiles is a remarkable, consistent trend of increasing R-values means from the lowermost to the uppermost surface ridges on both rock glaciers.
Q4. What is the important driver of glacier variability in the Southern Alps?
If air temperatures are the most important drivers of glacier variability in the Southern Alps as claimed by Anderson and Mackintosh (2006) or Mackintosh et al. (2017), one would expect moraine sequences representing shortterm fluctuations during a constant decrease of glacier expansions and activity from the old early Holocene towards the ‘LIA’.
Q5. What is the average annual precipitation for the main divide of the southern Alps?
The high annual precipitation likely exceeds 10,000 mm on western slopes and, thanks to an ‘overspill’ effect, is also typical for the Main Divide of the Southern Alps itself and areas immediately to its east (Chater and Sturman, 1998; Griffiths and McSaveney, 1983; Henderson and Thompson, 1999).
Q6. What is the main argument for the retracted early-Holocene glaciers?
retracted early-Holocene glaciers could provide a palaeoclimatic signal for climatic conditions too dry for glaciers, thus questioning the postulated strong dependency on temperature conditions only.
Q7. What are the main methods used to date rock glaciers?
Dating methods applied (see Haeberli et al. (2003) for a review) involve relative-age dating methods such as, for example, the Schmidt-hammer (Kellerer-Pirklbauer et al., 2008; Scapozza et al., 2014) or weathering-rind thickness (Frauenfelder et al., 2005); numerical age-dating methods (radiocarbon dating: Haeberli et al., 1999; terrestrial cosmogenic nuclide dating (TCND): Böhlert et al., 2011a; Cossart et al., 2010a; optical stimulated luminescence: Fuchs et al., 2013); or age estimations based on current velocity fields measured with aerial photogrammetry (Frauenfelder et al., 2005).
Q8. What is the important factor in the regional glacier history?
If confirmed at other sites across the Southern Alps, rock glacier formation during the first part of the early Holocene also bears potential implications for the regional glacier history.
Q9. How can SHD be used to date rock glaciers in the Southern Alps?
Their study shows that SHD using an electronic Schmidt-hammer (SilverSchmidt) can successfully be applied for the dating of rock glaciers in the Southern Alps of New Zealand and is efficient with obtaining large sets of raw data.
Q10. What are the main characteristics of rock glaciers?
Their development and evolution is highly sensitive to climatic parameters (Brazier et al., 1998; Humlum, 1998; Kääb et al., 2007); rock glaciers constitute thus an important potential as archive for the regional Late Glacial and Holocene palaeoclimatology.
Q11. Why did they avoid furrows on the rock glacier surface?
To avoid potential influence of micro-climatic and micro-weathering differences, furrows on the rock glacier surface between those ridges were avoided (except for one test site).
Q12. What is the primary aim of this study?
The primary aim of their study is to test whether SHD can successfully be applied on rock glaciers in the Southern Alps and to compare the results obtained with those of similar studies on rock glaciers elsewhere.
Q13. Why is the model of a regional oscillating glacier retreat not supported?
But the model of a regional oscillating glacier retreat from Late Glacial until c. 6500 years ago (Putnam et al., 2012) cannot be supported on the basis of their results of high SHD age estimates of the lowermost rock glacier ridges and because of the excluding nature of rock glaciers and major glacier activity.
Q14. What is the significance of the SHD calibration curve?
It confirms the importance of their consistent sampling design to investigate surface ridges only and, furthermore, improves the reliability of the SHD calibration curve because the sampled fixed points/