An Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein 2 domain essential for transformation is a direct transcriptional activator.
Jeffrey I. Cohen,Elliott Kieff +1 more
TLDR
In B-lymphoma cells, a 37-amino-acid EBNA-2 domain previously identified to be essential for transformation was nearly as strong a transcriptional activator as the activating domain of herpes simplex virus trans-inducing factor VP16.Abstract:
Epstein-Barr virus nuclear protein 2 (EBNA-2) increases mRNA levels of specific viral and cellular genes through direct or indirect effects on upstream regulatory elements. The EBNA-2 domains essential for these effects have been partially defined and correlate with domains important for B-cell growth transformation. To determine whether EBNA-2 has a direct transcriptional activating domain, gene fusions between the DNA-binding domain of GAL4 and EBNA-2 were tested in CHO and B-lymphoma cells for the ability to activate transcription from target plasmids containing GAL4 recognition sites upstream of an adenovirus or murine mammary tumor virus promoter. In B-lymphoma cells, a 37-amino-acid EBNA-2 domain previously identified to be essential for transformation was nearly as strong a transcriptional activator as the activating domain of herpes simplex virus trans-inducing factor VP16. A quadradecapeptide had about 25% of the activating activity of the longer peptide. This first evidence that EBNA-2 directly activates transcription should facilitate the identification of nuclear factors with which EBNA-2 interacts in transactivation and transformation.read more
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Burkitt's lymphoma
Elizabeth Molyneux,Rosemary Rochford,Beverly E. Griffin,Robert U. Newton,Graham Jackson,Geetha R Menon,Christine J. Harrison,Trijn Israels,Simon Bailey +8 more
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The Epstein-Barr virus nuclear antigen 2 transactivator is directed to response elements by the J kappa recombination signal binding protein.
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Viruses associated with human cancer.
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Undifferentiated, nonkeratinizing, and squamous cell carcinoma of the nasopharynx. Variants of Epstein-Barr virus-infected neoplasia.
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TL;DR: The results reveal that EBER expression is significantly decreased in areas with squamous differentiation and confirm that all types of NPC, regardless of histological type or differentiation contain clonal episomal EBV genomes, express specific EBV genes and are a clonal expansion of EBV-infected cells.
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How eukaryotic transcriptional activators work
TL;DR: A specific protein, bound to DNA, can activate transcription of a wide array of genes in many eukaryotes and is controlled by the immune system.
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GAL4-VP16 is an unusually potent transcriptional activator
TL;DR: It is shown that the hybrid protein (GAL4-VP16) activates transcription unusually efficiently in mammalian cells when bound close to, or at large distances from the gene, and suggested that the activating region of VP16 may be near-maximally potent.