Journal ArticleDOI
An Unattended Cloud-Profiling Radar for Use in Climate Research
Ken Moran,Brooks E. Martner,Madison J. Post,Robert A. Kropfli,David C. Welsh,Kevin B. Widener +5 more
TLDR
In this paper, a millimeter-wave cloud radar (MMCR) was designed to provide detailed, long-term observations of nonprecipitating and weakly precipitating clouds at Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) sites of the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program.Abstract:
A new millimeter-wave cloud radar (MMCR) has been designed to provide detailed, long-term observations of nonprecipitating and weakly precipitating clouds at Cloud and Radiation Testbed (CART) sites of the Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) program. Scientific requirements included excellent sensitivity and vertical resolution to detect weak and thin multiple layers of ice and liquid water clouds over the sites and long-term, unattended operations in remote locales. In response to these requirements, the innovative radar design features a vertically pointing, single-polarization, Doppler system operating at 35 GHz (Ka band). It uses a low-peak-power transmitter for long-term reliability and high-gain antenna and pulse-compressed waveforms to maximize sensitivity and resolution. The radar uses the same kind of signal processor as that used in commercial wind profilers. The first MMCR began operations at the CART in northern Oklahoma in late 1996 and has operated continuously the...read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
The CloudSat mission and the A-train: a new dimension of space-based observations of clouds and precipitation
Graeme L. Stephens,Deborah G. Vane,Ronald J. Boain,Gerald G. Mace,Kenneth Sassen,Zhien Wang,Anthony J. Illingworth,Ewan O'Connor,William B. Rossow,Stephen L. Durden,Steven D. Miller,Richard T. Austin,Angela Benedetti,Cristian Mitrescu +13 more
TL;DR: CloudSat as discussed by the authors is a satellite experiment designed to measure the vertical structure of clouds from space, and once launched, CloudSat will orbit in formation as part of a constellation of satellites (the A-Train) that includes NASA's Aqua and Aura satellites, a NASA-CNES lidar satellite (CALIPSO), and a CNES satellite carrying a polarimeter (PARASOL).
Journal ArticleDOI
Cloud Radiative Forcing of the Arctic Surface: The Influence of Cloud Properties, Surface Albedo, and Solar Zenith Angle
TL;DR: In this article, an annual cycle of cloud and radiation measurements made as part of the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) program are utilized to determine which properties of Arctic clouds control the surface radiation balance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Objective Determination of Cloud Heights and Radar Reflectivities Using a Combination of Active Remote Sensors at the ARM CART Sites
Eugene E. Clothiaux,Thomas P. Ackerman,Gerald G. Mace,Ken Moran,Roger Marchand,Mark A. Miller,Brooks E. Martner +6 more
TL;DR: The U.S. Department of Energy's Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program is deploying sensitive, millimeter-wave cloud radars at its Cloud and Radiation Test Bed (CART) sites in Oklahoma, Alaska, and the tropical western Pacific Ocean.
Journal ArticleDOI
An annual cycle of Arctic cloud characteristics observed by radar and lidar at SHEBA
TL;DR: In this article, the temporal distributions of cloudiness, vertical distribution of cloud boundary heights, and occurrence of liquid phase in clouds are determined from radar and lidar data sets collected from October 1997 to October 1998 during the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic Ocean (SHEBA) project.
Arctic Mixed-Phase Cloud Properties Derived from Surface-Based Sensors
Matthew D. Shupe,Taneil Uttal +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors examined cloud observations from the Surface Heat Budget of the Arctic (SHEBA) Program (Uttal et al. 2002), which occurred from October 1997 through October 1998 in the Beaufort Sea, and from the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program's ongoing measurements at the North Slope of Alaska (NSA) site in Barrow, Alaska since spring of 1998.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program: Programmatic Background and Design of the Cloud and Radiation Test Bed
G. M. Stokes,Stephen E. Schwartz +1 more
TL;DR: The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program, supported by the U.S. Department of Energy, is a major new program of atmospheric measurement and modeling as discussed by the authors.The program is intended to improve the understanding of processes that affect atmospheric radiation and the description of these processes in climate models.
Journal ArticleDOI
Measurement of Stratus Cloud and Drizzle Parameters in ASTEX with a Kα-Band Doppler Radar and a Microwave Radiometer
TL;DR: In this article, data from a Kα-band radar and microwave radiometer along with a droplet model were used to determine the droplet parameters of drizzle and clouds.
Journal ArticleDOI
An Evaluation of a 94-GHz Radar for Remote Sensing of Cloud Properties
Eugene E. Clothiaux,Mark A. Miller,Bruce A. Albrecht,Thomas P. Ackerman,Johannes Verlinde,David M. Babb,R. M. Peters,William J. Syrett +7 more
TL;DR: In this article, the performance of a 94-GHz radar is evaluated for a variety of cloud conditions, and a physically relevant study of beam extinction and backscattering by clouds is attempted by modeling cloud drop size distributions with a gamma distribution over a range of number concentrations, particle mean diameters, and distribution shape factors; cloud liquid water contents and mean drop size diameters reported in the literature are analyzed in this paper.
Journal ArticleDOI
A 94-GHz Doppler Radar for Cloud Observations
TL;DR: In this article, a Doppler radar operating at 3.2 mm wavelength was designed and assembled primarily for observation of clouds and precipitation, and phase detection of the radar signals was implemented through the use of a coherent oscillator phase locked on the transmitter pulse and used as a reference in the phase detector.
Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES)
TL;DR: The CERES Flux By Cloud Type (FBCT) product contains radiative fluxes by cloud-type, which can provide more stringent constraints when validating models and also reveal more insight into the interactions between clouds and climate as mentioned in this paper.
Related Papers (5)
The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program: Programmatic Background and Design of the Cloud and Radiation Test Bed
G. M. Stokes,Stephen E. Schwartz +1 more