Journal ArticleDOI
Assessment of executive functions in clinical settings: problems and recommendations
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
This article provides a tutorial review of various theoretical issues that surround executive function research from the perspective of cognitive psychology, focusing on issues that have important implications for clinical assessment of executive functioning.Abstract:
In this article we provide a tutorial review of various theoretical issues that surround executive function research from the perspective of cognitive psychology, focusing on issues that have important implications for clinical assessment of executive functioning. We first discuss theoretical and clinical reasons for the importance of understanding executive functions and then point out some serious problems with the common practice of relying exclusively on complex neuropsychological tests, such as the Wisconsin Card Sorting Test and the Tower of Hanoi, as general measures of executive functioning. We then briefly present a recent individual differences study of executive functions conducted in our laboratory that attempted to overcome certain limitations associated with the more typical approach. On the basis of the theoretical issues discussed and the results from our study, we offer some concrete suggestions and recommendations for the measurement and assessment of executive functions in clinical settings.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
The unity and diversity of executive functions and their contributions to complex "Frontal Lobe" tasks: a latent variable analysis.
Akira Miyake,Naomi P. Friedman,Michael J. Emerson,Alexander H. Witzki,Amy Howerter,Tor D. Wager +5 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that it is important to recognize both the unity and diversity ofExecutive functions and that latent variable analysis is a useful approach to studying the organization and roles of executive functions.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Nature and Organization of Individual Differences in Executive Functions: Four General Conclusions
Akira Miyake,Naomi P. Friedman +1 more
TL;DR: It is argued that individual differences in EFs, as measured with simple laboratory tasks, show both unity and diversity and are related to various clinically and societally important phenomena, and show some developmental stability.
Journal ArticleDOI
The relations among inhibition and interference control functions: a latent-variable analysis.
Naomi P. Friedman,Akira Miyake +1 more
TL;DR: The results suggest that the term inhibition has been overextended and that researchers need to be more specific when discussing and measuring inhibition-related functions.
Journal ArticleDOI
Neuroimaging studies of working memory: a meta-analysis.
Tor D. Wager,Edward E. Smith +1 more
TL;DR: A potential fourth executive function is considered: selective attention to features of a stimulus to be stored in WM which leads to increased probability of activating the medial prefrontal cortex (BA 32) in storage tasks.
Journal ArticleDOI
How are visuospatial working memory, executive functioning, and spatial abilities related? A latent-variable analysis.
TL;DR: This paper examined the relationship among visuospatial working memory (WM) executive functioning and spatial abilities and found that WM tasks equally implicate executive functioning, and are not clearly distinguishable.
References
More filters
Book
Descartes' Error: Emotion, Reason, and the Human Brain
TL;DR: The authors argued that rational decisions are not the product of logic alone - they require the support of emotion and feeling, drawing on his experience with neurological patients affected with brain damage, Dr Damasio showed how absence of emotions and feelings can break down rationality.
Journal ArticleDOI
Specific impairments of planning
TL;DR: An information-processing model is outlined that predicts that performance on non-routine tasks can be impaired independently of performance on routine tasks, related to views on frontal lobe functions, particularly those of Luria.
Book
Models of Working Memory: Mechanisms of Active Maintenance and Executive Control
Akira Miyake,Priti Shah +1 more
TL;DR: This paper presents a meta-analyses of working memory from the perspective of the EPIC architecture for modelling skilled perceptual-motor and cognitive human performance and discusses the role of language, attention, and inhibitory mechanisms in this performance.
Journal ArticleDOI
Exploring the Central Executive
TL;DR: The central executive component of working memory is a poorly specified and very powerful system that could be criticized as little more than a homunculus as discussed by the authors and a research strategy is outlined that attempts to specify and analyse its component functions and is illustrated with four lines of research.
Book
Fundamentals of Human Neuropsychology
Bryan Kolb,Ian Q. Whishaw +1 more
TL;DR: This chapter discusses the development of Neuropsychology, the structure and electrical activity of Neurons, and the structure of the Nervous System and its role in Behavior.