Journal ArticleDOI
Authentication of medicines using nuclear quadrupole resonance spectroscopy
TLDR
A chemometric passport-based approach to improve the security of the pharmaceutical supply chain based on applying nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectroscopy to authenticate the contents of medicine packets is described.Abstract:
The production and sale of counterfeit and substandard pharmaceutical products, such as essential medicines, is an important global public health problem. We describe a chemometric passport-based approach to improve the security of the pharmaceutical supply chain. Our method is based on applying nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) spectroscopy to authenticate the contents of medicine packets. NQR is a non-invasive, non-destructive, and quantitative radio frequency (RF) spectroscopic technique. It is sensitive to subtle features of the solid-state chemical environment and thus generates unique chemical fingerprints that are intrinsically difficult to replicate. We describe several advanced NQR techniques, including two-dimensional measurements, polarization enhancement, and spin density imaging, that further improve the security of our authentication approach. We also present experimental results that confirm the specificity and sensitivity of NQR and its ability to detect counterfeit medicines.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
A review of existing and emerging digital technologies to combat the global trade in fake medicines
Tim K. Mackey,Gaurvika Nayyar +1 more
TL;DR: Digital fake medicine solutions are unifying platforms that integrate different types of anti-counterfeiting technologies as complementary solutions, improve information sharing and data collection, and are designed to overcome existing barriers of adoption and implementation.
Journal ArticleDOI
Global landscape assessment of screening technologies for medicine quality assurance: stakeholder perceptions and practices from ten countries
TL;DR: There is a need for additional standardized, trustworthy and scientifically sound evaluations of STs, and to support regulators to effectively deploy the most promising technologies, to help communicate and justify their needs to acquire and invest in new STs.
Journal ArticleDOI
Medicine authentication technology as a counterfeit medicine-detection tool: a Delphi method study to establish expert opinion on manual medicine authentication technology in secondary care
Bernard D Naughton,Lindsey Roberts,Sue Dopson,David Brindley,Stephen J. Chapman,Stephen J. Chapman +5 more
TL;DR: This paper informs key opinion leaders and decision makers as to the positives and negatives of medicines authentication technology from an operator's perspective and suggests the adjustments which may be required to improve operator compliance and the detection of counterfeit medicines in the secondary care sector.
Journal ArticleDOI
Broadband quantitative NQR for authentication of vitamins and dietary supplements.
TL;DR: A broadband NQR front-end is developed that can excite and detect 14N N QR signals over a wide frequency range; its operating frequency can be rapidly set by software, while sensitivity is comparable to conventional narrowband front-ends over the entire range.
Journal ArticleDOI
RF atomic magnetometer array with over 40 dB interference suppression using electron spin resonance.
TL;DR: Key to the strong interference rejection is the accurate calibration of the reference signal across the array, obtained through electron spin resonance measurements, which is found to be sensitive to atomic polarization, RF pulse duration, and direction of the excitation.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Adaptive noise cancelling: Principles and applications
Bernard Widrow,J.R. Glover,John M. McCool,J. Kaunitz,C.S. Williams,R.H. Hearn,James R. Zeidler,Jr. Eugene Dong,R.C. Goodlin +8 more
TL;DR: It is shown that in treating periodic interference the adaptive noise canceller acts as a notch filter with narrow bandwidth, infinite null, and the capability of tracking the exact frequency of the interference; in this case the canceller behaves as a linear, time-invariant system, with the adaptive filter converging on a dynamic rather than a static solution.
Journal ArticleDOI
Physical one-way functions
TL;DR: The concept of fabrication complexity is introduced as a way of quantifying the difficulty of materially cloning physical systems with arbitrary internal states as primitives for physical analogs of cryptosystems.
Journal ArticleDOI
T(1)--T(2) correlation spectra obtained using a fast two-dimensional Laplace inversion.
TL;DR: A novel computer algorithm for fast two-dimensional inverse Laplace transformation to obtain T(1)--T(2) correlation functions is demonstrated, producing a result that is found to be stable in the presence of noise.
Journal ArticleDOI
Solving Fredholm integrals of the first kind with tensor product structure in 2 and 2.5 dimensions
TL;DR: This work presents an efficient algorithm to solve a class of two- and 2.5-dimensional Fredholm integrals of the first kind with a tensor product structure and nonnegativity constraint on the estimated parameters of interest in an optimization framework using a zeroth-order regularization functional.