Journal ArticleDOI
Autism Spectrum Disorders According to DSM-IV-TR and Comparison With DSM-5 Draft Criteria: An Epidemiological Study
Marja-Leena Mattila,Marko Kielinen,Sirkka-Liisa Linna,Katja Jussila,Hanna Ebeling,Risto Bloigu,Robert M. Joseph,Irma Moilanen +7 more
TLDR
The prevalence of ASDs and autism according to DSM-IV-TR, clarified confusion concerning diagnostic criteria, and modifications to five details of DSM-5 draft criteria posted by the APA in February 2010 are suggested.Abstract:
Objective The latest definitions of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) were specified in DSM-IV-TR in 2000. DSM-5 criteria are planned for 2013. Here, we estimated the prevalence of ASDs and autism according to DSM-IV-TR, clarified confusion concerning diagnostic criteria, and evaluated DSM-5 draft criteria for ASD posted by the American Psychiatry Association (APA) in February 2010. Method This was an epidemiological study of 5,484 eight-year-old children in Finland, 4,422 (81%) of them rated via the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire by parents and/or teachers, and 110 examined by using a structured interview, semi-structured observation, IQ measurement, school-day observation, and patient records. Diagnoses were assigned according to DSM-IV-TR criteria and DSM-5 draft criteria in children with a full-scale IQ (FSIQ) ≥50. Patient records were evaluated in children with an FSIQ Results The prevalence of ASDs was 8.4 in 1,000 and that of autism 4.1 in 1,000 according to DSM-IV-TR. Of the subjects with ASDs and autism, 65% and 61% were high-functioning (FSIQ ≥70), respectively. The prevalence of pervasive developmental disorder not otherwise specified was not estimated because of inconsistency in DSM-IV-TR criteria. DSM-5 draft criteria were shown to be less sensitive in regard to identification of subjects with ASDs, particularly those with Asperger's syndrome and some high-functioning subjects with autism. Conclusions DSM-IV-TR helps with the definition of ASDs only up to a point. We suggest modifications to five details of DSM-5 draft criteria posted by the APA in February 2010. Completing revision of DSM criteria for ASDs is a challenging task.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Sex differences in autism spectrum disorders.
TL;DR: This review explores the current status of epidemiological, genetic, and neuroendocrinological work addressing ASD prevalence and liability in males and females so as to frame the major issues necessary to pursue a more complete understanding of the biological basis for sex-differential risk.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sex/Gender Differences and Autism: Setting the Scene for Future Research
TL;DR: In this article, a 4-level conceptual framework was proposed to clarify the embedded themes of the relationship between sex/gender differences and autism and to better understand the implications from existing research and to help design future studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
Standardizing ADOS domain scores: separating severity of social affect and restricted and repetitive behaviors.
TL;DR: Calibrated domain scores should facilitate efforts to examine trajectories of ASD symptoms and links between neurobiological and behavioral dimensions, and increase their utility as indicators of Social-Communication and Repetitive Behavior severity.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sensitivity and Specificity of Proposed DSM-5 Diagnostic Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder
TL;DR: Proposed DSM-5 criteria could substantially alter the composition of the autism spectrum and a more stringent diagnostic rubric holds significant public health ramifications regarding service eligibility and compatibility of historical and future research.
Journal ArticleDOI
Quantifying and exploring camouflaging in men and women with autism
Meng-Chuan Lai,Michael V. Lombardo,Amber Nv Ruigrok,Bhismadev Chakrabarti,Bhismadev Chakrabarti,Bonnie Auyeung,Bonnie Auyeung,Peter Szatmari,Peter Szatmari,Peter Szatmari,Francesca Happé,Simon Baron-Cohen +11 more
TL;DR: Using data from 60 age- and IQ-matched men and women with autism, operationalized camouflaging in adults with autism for the first time as the quantitative discrepancy between the person’s ‘external’ behavioural presentation in social–interpersonal contexts and the person's ‘internal’ status.
References
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