Sex differences in autism spectrum disorders.
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This review explores the current status of epidemiological, genetic, and neuroendocrinological work addressing ASD prevalence and liability in males and females so as to frame the major issues necessary to pursue a more complete understanding of the biological basis for sex-differential risk.Abstract:
Purpose of reviewA strong male bias in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) prevalence has been observed with striking consistency, but no mechanism has yet to definitively account for this sex difference. This review explores the current status of epidemiological, genetic, and neuroendocrinological workread more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorder Among Children Aged 8 Years — Autism and Developmental Disabilities Monitoring Network, 11 Sites, United States, 2014
Jon Baio,Lisa D. Wiggins,Deborah Christensen,Matthew J. Maenner,Julie L. Daniels,Zachary Warren,Margaret Kurzius-Spencer,Walter Zahorodny,Cordelia Robinson Rosenberg,Tiffany White,Maureen S. Durkin,Pamela Imm,Loizos Nikolaou,Loizos Nikolaou,Marshalyn Yeargin-Allsopp,Li-Ching Lee,Rebecca A. Harrington,Maya Lopez,Robert T. Fitzgerald,P Amy Hewitt,Sydney Pettygrove,John N. Constantino,Alison Vehorn,Josephine Shenouda,Jennifer Hall-Lande,Kim Van Naarden Braun,Nicole F. Dowling +26 more
TL;DR: This report provides updated ASD prevalence estimates for children aged 8 years during the 2014 surveillance year, on the basis of DSM-IV-TR criteria, and describes characteristics of the population of children with ASD.
Prevalence of autism spectrum disorder among children aged 8 years - autism and developmental disabilities monitoring network, 11 sites, United States, 2010
TL;DR: These findings from CDC's ADDM Network, which are based on 2010 data reported from 11 sites, provide updated population-based estimates of the prevalence of ASD in multiple communities in the United States.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sex and gender: modifiers of health, disease, and medicine.
Franck Mauvais-Jarvis,Noel Bairey Merz,Peter J. Barnes,Roberta Diaz Brinton,Juan Jesus Carrero,Dawn L. DeMeo,Geert J. De Vries,C. Neill Epperson,Ramaswamy Govindan,Sabra L. Klein,Amedeo Lonardo,Pauline M. Maki,Louise D. McCullough,Vera Regitz-Zagrosek,Vera Regitz-Zagrosek,Judith G. Regensteiner,Joshua B. Rubin,Kathryn Sandberg,Ayako Suzuki,Ayako Suzuki +19 more
TL;DR: Clinicians and researchers are guided to consider sex and gender in their approach to diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases as a necessary and fundamental step towards precision medicine, which will benefit men's and women's health.
Journal ArticleDOI
Sex/Gender Differences and Autism: Setting the Scene for Future Research
TL;DR: In this article, a 4-level conceptual framework was proposed to clarify the embedded themes of the relationship between sex/gender differences and autism and to better understand the implications from existing research and to help design future studies.
Journal ArticleDOI
The Changing Epidemiology of Autism Spectrum Disorders
Kristen Lyall,Lisa A. Croen,Julie L. Daniels,M. Daniele Fallin,Christine Ladd-Acosta,Brian K. Lee,Brian K. Lee,Bo Y. Park,Nathaniel W. Snyder,Diana Schendel,Diana Schendel,Heather E. Volk,Gayle C. Windham,Craig J. Newschaffer +13 more
TL;DR: Eviologic investigations focused on nongenetic factors have established advanced parental age and preterm birth as ASD risk factors, indicated that prenatal exposure to air pollution and short interpregnancy interval are potentialrisk factors, and suggested the need for further exploration of certain prenatal nutrients, metabolic conditions, and exposure to endocrine-disrupting chemicals.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
The empathy quotient: an investigation of adults with Asperger syndrome or high functioning autism, and normal sex differences.
TL;DR: The EQ reveals both a sex difference in empathy in the general population and an empathy deficit in Asperger Syndrome or high-functioning autism adults, who are reported clinically to have difficulties in empathy.
Journal ArticleDOI
Strong Association of De Novo Copy Number Mutations with Autism
Jonathan Sebat,B. Lakshmi,Dheeraj Malhotra,Jennifer Troge,Christa Lese-Martin,Tom Walsh,Boris Yamrom,Seungtai Yoon,Alexander Krasnitz,Jude Kendall,Anthony Leotta,Deepa Pai,Ray Zhang,Yoon-ha Lee,James W. Hicks,Sarah J. Spence,Annette Lee,Kaija Puura,Terho Lehtimäki,David H. Ledbetter,Peter K. Gregersen,Joel D. Bregman,James S. Sutcliffe,Vaidehi Jobanputra,Wendy K. Chung,Dorothy Warburton,Mary Claire King,David Skuse,Daniel H. Geschwind,T. Conrad Gilliam,Kenny Ye,Michael Wigler +31 more
TL;DR: Findings establish de novo germline mutation as a more significant risk factor for ASD than previously recognized.
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Sporadic autism exomes reveal a highly interconnected protein network of de novo mutations
Brian J. O'Roak,Laura Vives,Santhosh Girirajan,Emre Karakoc,Niklas Krumm,Bradley P. Coe,Roie Levy,Arthur Ko,Choli Lee,Joshua D. Smith,Emily H. Turner,Ian B. Stanaway,Benjamin Vernot,Maika Malig,Carl Baker,Beau Reilly,Joshua M. Akey,Elhanan Borenstein,Elhanan Borenstein,Mark J. Rieder,Deborah A. Nickerson,Raphael Bernier,Jay Shendure,Evan E. Eichler,Evan E. Eichler +24 more
TL;DR: It is shown that de novo point mutations are overwhelmingly paternal in origin (4:1 bias) and positively correlated with paternal age, consistent with the modest increased risk for children of older fathers to develop ASD.
Journal ArticleDOI
De novo mutations revealed by whole-exome sequencing are strongly associated with autism
Stephen Sanders,Michael T. Murtha,Abha R. Gupta,John D. Murdoch,Melanie J. Raubeson,A. Jeremy Willsey,A. Gulhan Ercan-Sencicek,Nicholas M. DiLullo,Neelroop N. Parikshak,Jason L. Stein,Michael F. Walker,Gordon T. Ober,Nicole A. Teran,Youeun Song,Paul El-Fishawy,Ryan C. Murtha,Murim Choi,John D. Overton,Robert D. Bjornson,Nicholas Carriero,Kyle A. Meyer,Kaya Bilguvar,Shrikant Mane,Nenad Sestan,Richard P. Lifton,Murat Gunel,Kathryn Roeder,Daniel H. Geschwind,Bernie Devlin,Matthew W. State +29 more
TL;DR: It is shown, using whole-exome sequencing of 928 individuals, including 200 phenotypically discordant sibling pairs, that highly disruptive (nonsense and splice-site) de novo mutations in brain-expressed genes are associated with autism spectrum disorders and carry large effects.