Journal ArticleDOI
Bilateral comparison of femoral bone density and hip axis length from single and fan beam DXA scans.
TLDR
It is concluded that measurement of a single proximal femur will usually be sufficient for clinical evaluation of BMD and/or hip axis length, and bilateral BMD measurements are indicated in subjects where unilateral degeneration or disease are suspected.Abstract:
Dominant/nondominant differences in bone mineral density (BMD) have been observed in the upper extremities. However for the proximal femur, the distinction between dominant and nondominant hips is not clear. The purpose of this study is to evaluate left/right variations in femoral BMD and hip axis length (HAL) in both single beam and fan beam dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans. A total of 36 women aged 41–76 years (average age 60±10 years) received single beam and fan beam DXA scans of both proximal femora with a Hologic QDR-2000 scanner. Femoral BMD and hip axis length were determined for each scan. Left/right and single beam/fan beam correlations were determined and differences were evaluated using a two-way analysis of variance. Femoral BMD at corresponding measurement regions in opposing femora were highly correlated (r=0.81–0.96). No significant left/right differences were detected. At the femoral neck, the mean BMD difference (± standard deviation) was 1.5%±4.7% in a single beam mode and-0.6%±6.3% in fan beam mode. Though mean values of femoral BMD were equivalent, the observed individual left/right differences were occasionally large (as high as 26% in the femoral neck). The hip axis length of the left and right hips were highly correlated and statistically equivalent. However, hip axis length using fan beam was significantly larger (7.5%) than the single beam measurement with a larger observed variation. We conclude that measurement of a single proximal femur will usually be sufficient for clinical evaluation of BMD and/or hip axis length. However, bilateral BMD measurements are indicated in subjects where unilateral degeneration or disease are suspected. If possible, hip axis length should be measured in single beam mode to avoid magnification errors.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Femoral neck geometry and radiographic signs of osteoporosis as predictors of hip fracture
TL;DR: As measured on the DEXA scans, the authors found a wider collum femoris and a wider femoral shaft in both the male and female fracture cases, compared to controls, and the fracture cases showed signs of osteoporosis as measured by the calcar femorale, the Singh index, andthe femoral neck index, which showed good correlation with bone mineral density of the hip.
Journal ArticleDOI
Reproducibility and side differences of mechanical tests for determining the structural strength of the proximal femur.
Felix Eckstein,Caecilia Wunderer,Holger F. Boehm,Volker Kuhn,Mathias Priemel,Thomas M. Link,Eva-Maria Lochmüller +6 more
TL;DR: The reproducibility error of mechanical strength tests of the proximal femur when simulating a fall on the trochanter is evaluated and the upper limit of the precision error is estimated to be 15% for the side impact test.
Journal ArticleDOI
Femoral geometry as a risk factor for osteoporotic hip fracture in men and women
TL;DR: This review examines the link between simple geometrical measures of the proximal femur and hip fracture, or bone strength, and will explore how they relate to each other and to anthropometric factors such as sex, height, weight and age.
Journal ArticleDOI
Dual X-Ray Absorptiometry T-Score Concordance and Discordance Between Hip and Spine Measurement Sites
TL;DR: It was shown that while T-score concordance is most commonly observed, minor discordance is seen in about two out of every five patients tested with DXA between the spine and hip sites.
Journal ArticleDOI
Single and dual energy X-ray absorptiometry
TL;DR: Reduced bone mass is a useful predictor of increased fracture risk and therefore bone mineral density (BMD) is the single most important determinant as to whether or not a fracture occurs.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Bone density at various sites for prediction of hip fractures
Steven R. Cummings,Dennis M. Black,Michael C. Nevitt,Warren S. Browner,Jane A. Cauley,Kristine E. Ensrud,Harry K. Genant,L. Palermo,J. Scott,Thomas M. Vogt +9 more
TL;DR: In this article, the femoral neck bone density was measured by dual X-ray absorptiometry is a better predictor of hip fracture than measurements of other bones, including the radius or calcaneus.
Journal ArticleDOI
Long-term fracture prediction by bone mineral assessed at different skeletal sites
L. Joseph Melton,Elizabeth J. Atkinson,W. Michael O'Fallon,Heinz W. Wahner,B. Lawrence Riggs +4 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that bone mineral measurements made at a variety of skeletal sites can predict the occurrence for at least 8–10 years of moderate trauma fractures of the sort that might be related to osteoporosis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Simple measurement of femoral geometry predicts hip fracture: The study of osteoporotic fractures
Kenneth G. Faulkner,Steven R. Cummings,Dennis Black,Lisa Palermo,Claus-C. Glüer,Harry K. Genant +5 more
TL;DR: Hip axis length predicts hip fractures independently of age and bone mineral density in elderly women and if verified by additional studies, can improve the assessment of hip fracture risk compared to a measurement of femoral neck bone density alone.
Journal ArticleDOI
Prediction of hip fractures from pelvic radiographs: the study of osteoporotic fractures
Claus-C. Glüer,Steven R. Cummings,Alice Pressman,Jiao Li,Kathrin Glüer,Kenneth G. Faulkner,Stephan Grampp,Harry K. Genant +7 more
TL;DR: It is concluded that simple measurements made on pelvic radiographs predict hip fractures as well as bone density of the hip.
Journal ArticleDOI
Automated evaluation of hip axis length for predicting hip fracture.
TL;DR: It is concluded that the hip axis length can be easily incorporated into existing DXA hip analysis software in combination with a bone density measurement and may become a clinically useful tool for the evaluation of hip fracture risk.