Journal ArticleDOI
Biological sex, stereotypical sex‐roles, and SME owner characteristics
John Watson,Rick Newby +1 more
TLDR
This article investigated the relationship between biological sex (male or female) and stereotypical sex roles (masculinity and femininity) and determined which might be more appropriate to use when examining small to medium-size (SME) owner characteristics such as: locus of control (internal, powerful others and chance); need for achievement; risk-taking propensity; and preference for innovation.Abstract:
Purpose – To investigate the relationship between biological sex (male or female) and stereotypical sex‐roles (masculinity and femininity) and to determine which might be more appropriate to use when examining small to medium‐size (SME) owner characteristics such as: locus of control (internal, powerful others and chance); need for achievement; risk‐taking propensity; and preference for innovation.Design/methodology/approach – Data for this study came from 673 usable responses (517 males, 156 females) to a survey of the attitudes and expectations of a random sample of SME owner‐operators in Western Australia.Findings – It was found that femininity was significantly higher for women compared with men, but that there was no significant difference for masculinity. Results also indicate that, unlike femininity, masculinity is highly correlated with all of the “traditional” psychological traits. As a result, only one significant difference between men and women (based on their biological sex) was found; men ha...read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Gender and entrepreneurship
Susan Marlow,Maura McAdam +1 more
TL;DR: In this article, the authors argue that women-owned businesses are frequently described as underperforming in that the majority remain small and marginal and that such performance profiles reflect the constrained performance of most small firms.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gender differences in firm performance: Evidence from new ventures in the United States
Alicia Robb,John Watson +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined the performance of female-owned and male-owned firms and found that there is no difference in the performance between the two groups when appropriate performance measures are used and important demographic differences are controlled for in the models.
Gender, entrepreneurship and bank lending: the criteria and processess used by bank loan officers in assessing loan applications
TL;DR: The authors explored the role of gender in bank lending decisions, focusing on the criteria and processes used by male and female loan officers, revealing similarities in the criteria used to assess male applicants but show modest differences in the emphasis given to certain criteria by female lending officers.
The Achieving Society
TL;DR: The authors argued that cultural customs and motivations, especially the motivation for achievement, are the major catalysts of economic growth and proposed a plan to accelerate economic growth in developing countries by encouraging and supplementing their achievement motives through mobilizing the greater achievement resources of developed countries.
Journal ArticleDOI
Gender, Entrepreneurship, and Bank Lending: The Criteria and Processes Used by Bank Loan Officers in Assessing Applications
TL;DR: This paper explored the role of gender in bank lending decisions, focusing on the criteria and processes used by male and female loan officers, revealing similarities in the criteria used to assess male applicants but show modest differences in the emphasis given to certain criteria by female lending officers.
References
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests.
TL;DR: In this paper, a general formula (α) of which a special case is the Kuder-Richardson coefficient of equivalence is shown to be the mean of all split-half coefficients resulting from different splittings of a test, therefore an estimate of the correlation between two random samples of items from a universe of items like those in the test.
Journal ArticleDOI
Generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
TL;DR: In this paper, the effects of reward or reinforcement on preceding behavior depend in part on whether the person perceives the reward as contingent on his own behavior or independent of it, and individuals may also differ in generalized expectancies for internal versus external control of reinforcement.
Book
Culture′s Consequences: International Differences in Work-Related Values
TL;DR: In his book Culture's Consequences, Geert Hofstede proposed four dimensions on which the differences among national cultures can be understood: Individualism, Power Distance, Uncertainty Avoidance and Masculinity as mentioned in this paper.
Book
Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind
TL;DR: In this article, the differences in the way strategists and their followers think are discussed, and practical solutions for those in business to help solve conflict between different groups are proposed, with a focus on how to find common problems which demand cooperation for the solution of these problems.
Book
The theory of economic development
TL;DR: Buku ini memberikan infmasi tentang aliran melingkar kehidupan ekonomi sebagaimana dikondisikan oleh keadaan tertentu, fenomena fundamental dari pembangunan EKonomi, kredit, laba wirausaha, bunga atas modal, and siklus bisnis as mentioned in this paper.