Journal ArticleDOI
Body mass index, height, and postmenopausal breast cancer mortality in a prospective cohort of US women
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TLDR
Postmenopausal obesity is an important and potentially avoidable predictor of fatal breast cancer in this study and underscores the importance of maintaining moderate weight throughout adult life.Abstract:
Objective: Epidemiologic evidence suggests a positive association between body mass, adult height, and postmenopausal breast cancer. However, most studies have not been large enough to examine the association across a very wide range of body mass or height, and few studies have assessed the relationship between body mass or height and postmenopausal breast cancer mortality. Methods: The relation between body mass index (BMI) and height and postmenopausal breast cancer mortality was examined in the American Cancer Society's Cancer Prevention Study II (CPS-II), a large prospective mortality study of US adults enrolled in 1982. After 14 years of follow-up, 2852 breast cancer deaths were observed among 424,168 postmenopausal women who were cancer-free at interview. Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate relative risks and to control for potential confounding. Results: Breast cancer mortality rates increased continually and substantially with increasing BMI (rate ratio (RR) = 3.08, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.09-4.51 for BMI > 40.0 compared to BMI 18.5-20.49). If causal, the multivariate-adjusted RR estimates in this study correspond to approximately 30-50% of breast cancer deaths among postmenopausal women in the US population being attributable to overweight. Breast cancer mortality also increased with increasing height up to 66 inches with RR = 1.64, (95% CI = 1.23-2.18) in women 66 inches tall compared to those <60 inches. Conclusions: Postmenopausal obesity is an important and potentially avoidable predictor of fatal breast cancer in this study. These results underscore the importance of maintaining moderate weight throughout adult life.read more
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Journal ArticleDOI
Overweight, obesity, and mortality from cancer in a prospectively studied cohort of U.S. adults.
TL;DR: Current patterns of overweight and obesity in the United States could account for 14 percent of all deaths from cancer in men and 20 percent of those in women, and increased body weight was associated with increased death rates for all cancers combined and for cancers at multiple specific sites.
Journal ArticleDOI
Overweight, obesity and cancer: epidemiological evidence and proposed mechanisms
Eugenia E. Calle,Rudolf Kaaks +1 more
TL;DR: Gaining a better understanding of the relationship between obesity and cancer can provide new insight into mechanisms of cancer pathogenesis.
Journal ArticleDOI
Body mass index, serum sex hormones, and breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women.
Timothy J. Key,Paul N. Appleby,Gillian K Reeves,Andrew W. Roddam,Joanne F. Dorgan,Christopher Longcope,Frank Z. Stanczyk,Hugh E. Stephenson,Roni T. Falk,Rosetta Miller,Arthur Schatzkin,D. S. Allen,Ian S. Fentiman,D. Y. Wang,Mitch Dowsett,H V Thomas,Susan E. Hankinson,Paolo Toniolo,Arslan Akhmedkhanov,Karen L. Koenig,Roy E. Shore,Anne Zeleniuch-Jacquotte,Franco Berrino,Paola Muti,Andrea Micheli,Vittorio Krogh,Sabina Sieri,Valeria Pala,Elisabetta Venturelli,Giorgio Secreto,Elizabeth Barrett-Connor,Gail A. Laughlin,Michinori Kabuto,Suminori Akiba,Richard G. Stevens,Kazuo Neriishi,Charles E. Land,J. A. Cauley,Lewis H. Kuller,Steve Cummings,Kathy J. Helzlsouer,Anthony J. Alberg,Trudy L. Bush,George W. Comstock,Gary B. Gordon,Miller +45 more
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors examined whether the relationship of body mass index (BMI) with serum sex hormone concentrations could be explained by the relationship between BMI and estradiol levels.
Journal ArticleDOI
The second World Cancer Research Fund/American Institute for Cancer Research expert report. Food, nutrition, physical activity, and the prevention of cancer: a global perspective.
TL;DR: In this paper, the causal associations between food, nutrition and physical activity and risk of development of seventeen cancers, as well as of weight gain and obesity, were investigated using a newly developed method with a protocol for standardising the literature search and for analysis and display of the evidence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effect of obesity on survival of women with breast cancer: systematic review and meta-analysis
TL;DR: There is currently no evidence that weight loss after diagnosis improves survival in newly diagnosed breast cancer patients, and further research should concentrate on assessing whether factors such as diabetes or type of chemotherapy modify the obesity effect and on understanding the causal mechanism.
References
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TL;DR: The drum mallets disclosed in this article are adjustable, by the percussion player, as to balance, overall weight, head characteristics and tone production of the mallet, whereby the adjustment can be readily obtained.
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