Causal role of the prefrontal cortex in top-down modulation of visual processing and working memory
TLDR
P perturbed PFC function at the inferior frontal junction in participants before they performed a selective-attention, delayed-recognition task, suggesting that top-down modulation mediated by the prefrontal cortex is a causal link between early attentional processes and subsequent memory performance.Abstract:
This study uses a combination of TMS, fMRI and EEG to provide causal evidence for the role of the prefrontal cortex in the modulation of selective attention. Participants with greater decrement in visual association cortex modulation when TMS was used to knock out the prefrontal contribution had greater working memory performance decline.read more
Citations
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Alpha-band oscillations, attention, and controlled access to stored information
TL;DR: It is suggested that alpha-band oscillations have two roles that are closely linked to two fundamental functions of attention (suppression and selection), which enable controlled knowledge access and semantic orientation (the ability to be consciously oriented in time, space, and context).
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Spectral fingerprints of large-scale neuronal interactions
TL;DR: It is proposed that frequency-specific neuronal correlations in large-scale cortical networks may be 'fingerprints' of canonical neuronal computations underlying cognitive processes.
Journal ArticleDOI
Top-down modulation: bridging selective attention and working memory
Adam Gazzaley,Anna C. Nobre +1 more
TL;DR: Recent evidence from human neurophysiological studies demonstrating that top-down modulation serves as a common neural mechanism underlying working memory and attention operations is reviewed.
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The Cognitive Neuroscience of Working Memory
TL;DR: Information-based multivariate analyses of human functional MRI data typically find evidence for the temporary representation of stimuli in regions that also process this information in nonworking memory contexts.
Journal ArticleDOI
Cognitive dysfunction in psychiatric disorders: characteristics, causes and the quest for improved therapy
Millan Mark,Yves Agid,Martin Brüne,Edward T. Bullmore,Cameron S. Carter,Nicola S. Clayton,Richard C. Connor,Sabrina Davis,Bill Deakin,Robert J. DeRubeis,Bruno Dubois,Mark A. Geyer,Guy M. Goodwin,Philip Gorwood,Thérèse M. Jay,Marian Joëls,Isabelle M. Mansuy,Andreas Meyer-Lindenberg,Declan G. Murphy,Edmund T. Rolls,Bernd Saletu,Michael Spedding,John A. Sweeney,Miles A. Whittington,Larry J. Young +24 more
TL;DR: This article critically discusses the challenges and opportunities for improving cognition in individuals suffering from psychiatric disorders, highlighting the needs to characterize the cellular and cerebral circuits underpinning cognitive function and identify more effective treatments.
References
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Chapter 11 Working memory
TL;DR: This chapter demonstrates the functional importance of dopamine to working memory function in several ways and demonstrates that a network of brain regions, including the prefrontal cortex, is critical for the active maintenance of internal representations.
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Orienting of attention
TL;DR: This paper explores one aspect of cognition through the use of a simple model task in which human subjects are asked to commit attention to a position in visual space other than fixation by orienting a covert mechanism that seems sufficiently time locked to external events that its trajectory can be traced across the visual field in terms of momentary changes in the efficiency of detecting stimuli.
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John S. Duncan,Glyn W. Humphreys +1 more
TL;DR: A new theory of search and visual attention is presented, which accounts for harmful effects of nontargets resembling any possible target, the importance of local nontarget grouping, and many other findings.
Journal ArticleDOI
Measuring phase synchrony in brain signals
TL;DR: It is argued that whereas long‐scale effects do reflect cognitive processing, short‐scale synchronies are likely to be due to volume conduction, and ways to separate such conduction effects from true signal synchrony are discussed.