Journal ArticleDOI
Cell viability in scoliotic discs in relation to disc deformity and nutrient levels.
TLDR
Differences in cell viability correlated with changes in nutrient and metabolite levels, and also with disc deformity (convex vs concave and distance from curve apex), thus asymmetrical loads, tissue deformation, and nutrient supply may work separately or in combination to cause cell death.Abstract:
Study design Intervertebral disc tissue was analyzed during or removed at routine surgery for correction of scoliosis. Tissue was analyzed for glucose, lactate, oxygen, glycosaminoglycan, collagen concentrations, and cell viability. Objectives To investigate the cell viability of the scoliotic disc on the concave and convex sides and in relation to curve apex, and to relate cell viability to concentrations of nutrients, metabolites, and extracellular matrix components. Summary of background data Compositional differences have been measured in relation to the deformation of scoliotic discs. However, the causes of these in relation to cellular activity or viability are unknown. Methods Oxygen concentration was measured at surgery using a microelectrode. A segment of disc then was removed and sections at defined locations measured for cell viability and glucose, lactate, glycosaminoglycan, and collagen concentrations. RESULTS Cell viability was lower toward the convex side of the curve, with the greatest difference between the sides in the apical disc. The apical disc had the lowest oxygen and highest lactate concentrations, and lowest total number of cells. Glucose concentration correlated with the number of live cells. Concentrations of glycosaminoglycans and collagen per dry weight of tissue were similar on both sides of the disc. Conclusions Differences in cell viability correlated with changes in nutrient and metabolite levels, and also with disc deformity (convex concave and distance from curve apex). Thus asymmetrical loads, tissue deformation, and nutrient supply may work separately or in combination to cause cell death. A loss of matrix macromolecules was not seen, possibly because the period between cell death and surgery was too short, as compared with long matrix turnover times. Cell death is expected eventually to have a deleterious effect on cell matrix and disc function.read more
Citations
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Journal ArticleDOI
Degeneration of the intervertebral disc
Jill P. G. Urban,Sally Roberts +1 more
TL;DR: The intervertebral disc is a cartilaginous structure that resembles articular cartilage in its biochemistry, but morphologically it is clearly different, and shows degenerative and ageing changes earlier than does any other connective tissue in the body.
Journal ArticleDOI
Nutrition of the intervertebral disc.
TL;DR: Loss of nutrient supply can lead to cell death, loss of matrix production, and increase in matrix degradation and hence to disc degeneration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Histology and pathology of the human intervertebral disc
TL;DR: The intervertebral disc is a highly organized matrix laid down by relatively few cells in a specific manner that allows the discs to facilitate movement and flexibility within what would be an otherwise rigid spine.
Journal ArticleDOI
The cell biology of intervertebral disc aging and degeneration
TL;DR: The finding that the onset of human disc degeneration occurs as early as by adolescence is indicated, because they are the major causes of the biologic changes experienced by disc cells.
Journal ArticleDOI
The pathophysiology of disc degeneration A CRITICAL REVIEW
TL;DR: Most evidence points to an age-related process influenced primarily by mechanical and genetic factors, which supports the theory that degeneration of the disc has a complex multifactorial aetiology.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI
Cell alignment is induced by cyclic changes in cell length: studies of cells grown in cyclically stretched substrates
Cornelia Neidlinger-Wilke,Edward S. Grood,James H.-C. Wang,James H.-C. Wang,Richard A. Brand,Lutz Claes +5 more
TL;DR: The alignment response was primarily driven by the substrate strain which tended to lengthen the cell (axial strain), and it was suggested that the fibroblasts are more responsive to stretch because of their more highly developed actin cytoskeleton.
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The effect of lactate and pH on proteoglycan and protein synthesis rates in the intervertebral disc
Hiroshi Ohshima,J. P. G. Urban +1 more
TL;DR: The results indicate that proteoglycan synthesis rates in particular are sensitive to extracellular pH, and that the peak rate occurs around the level of pH seen in vivo.
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Oxygen and lactate concentrations measured in vivo in the intervertebral discs of patients with scoliosis and back pain.
TL;DR: Oxygen concentrations in intervertebral discs were measured in 10 patients during discography and in 13 patients with scoliosis and 11 patients with back pain during spinal surgery to determine if oxygen and lactate levels in human discs vary with degree of degeneration.
Journal ArticleDOI
Effects of low oxygen concentrations and metabolic inhibitors on proteoglycan and protein synthesis rates in the intervertebral disc.
Hirokazu Ishihara,J. P. G. Urban +1 more
TL;DR: Measurements of CO2 production rates suggest that a functionally significant fraction of the disc 's energy is supplied by oxidative phosphorylation, however, low levels of PO2, 2,4‐dinitrophenol, and sodium azide have been reported to reduce sulphate incorporation in articular cartilage, a tissue that derives its energy almost entirely from glycolysis.
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Matrix metalloproteinases in the human intervertebral disc: role in disc degeneration and scoliosis.
TL;DR: The increased expression of these enzymes in both degenerative disc disease and scoliosis strongly suggests that they may affect the progressive nature of these diseases.