Journal ArticleDOI
Cenozoic deep-sea benthic foraminifers: Tracers for changes in oceanic productivity?
Ellen Thomas,Andrew J. Gooday +1 more
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For example, this article found that the species-richness gradient and increase in abundance of phytodetritus-exploiting species resulted largely from the onset of a more unpredictable and seasonally fluctuating food supply, especially at high latitudes.Abstract:
From late middle Eocene through earliest Oligocene, high-latitude regions cooled, and by the end of the period, continental ice sheets existed in Antarctica. Diversity of planktonic microorganisms declined, and modern groups of terrestrial vertebrates originated. Coeval faunal changes in deep-sea benthic foraminifers have been related to cooling of deep waters and increased oxygenation. Cooling, however, occurred globally, whereas species richness declined at high latitudes and not in the tropics. The late Eocene and younger lower-diversity, high-latitude faunas typically contain common Epistominella exigua and Alabaminella weddellensis , opportunistic phytodetritus-exploiting species that indicate a seasonally fluctuating input of organic matter to the sea floor. We speculate that the species-richness gradient and increase in abundance of phytodetritus-exploiting species resulted largely from the onset of a more unpredictable and seasonally fluctuating food supply, especially at high latitudes.read more
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LATITUDINAL GRADIENTS OF BIODIVERSITY:Pattern,Process,Scale,and Synthesis
TL;DR: An extensive survey of the literature is conducted and a synthetic assessment of the degree to which variation in patterns is a consequence of characteristics of scale or taxon is provided.
Book
Ecology and Applications of Benthic Foraminifera
TL;DR: This book presents the ecological background required to explain how fossil forms are used in dating rocks and reconstructing past environmental features including changes of sea level and demonstrates how living foraminifera can be used to monitor modern-day environmental change.
Journal ArticleDOI
Environmental influences on regional deep-sea species diversity
Lisa A. Levin,Ron J. Etter,Michael A. Rex,Andrew J. Gooday,Craig R. Smith,Jesús Pineda,Carol T. Stuart,Robert R. Hessler,David L. Pawson +8 more
TL;DR: A conceptual model of how interdependent environmental factors shape regional-scale variation in local diversity in the deep sea is presented, showing how environmental gradients may form geographic patterns of diversity by influencing local processes such as predation, resource partitioning, competitive exclusion, and facilitation that determine species coexistence.
Journal ArticleDOI
Deep, diverse and definitely different: unique attributes of the world's largest ecosystem
Eva Ramirez-Llodra,Angelika Brandt,Roberto Danovaro,B. De Mol,Elva Escobar,Christopher R. German,Lisa A. Levin,P. Martinez Arbizu,Lenaick Menot,Pål Buhl-Mortensen,Bhavani Narayanaswamy,Craig R. Smith,Derek P. Tittensor,Paul A. Tyler,Ann Vanreusel,Michael Vecchione +15 more
TL;DR: A review of deep-sea habitats and their fauna can be found in this paper, where the authors discuss threats from anthropogenic activities to deep sea habitats and faunal communities.
Journal ArticleDOI
Evolution of Cenozoic seaways in the circum-Antarctic region
TL;DR: In this article, the authors used seafloor spreading anomalies and distinct fracture zone lineations to constrain the age of the opening of a seaway between the South Tasman Rise and Antarctica as very close to the Eocene-Oligocene boundary.
References
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Macrobenthic succession in relation to organic enrichment and pollution of the marine environment
T.H. Pearson,Rutger Rosenberg +1 more
Journal ArticleDOI
Influence of late Cenozoic mountain building on ocean geochemical cycles
TL;DR: In a steady-state ocean, input fluxes of dissolved salts to the sea must be balanced in mass and isotopic value by output fluxes for the elements strontium, calcium, and carbon, whereas marine biogenic sedimentation dominates removal Dissolved fluxes in rivers are related to rates of continental weathering, which in turn are strongly dependent on rates of uplift.
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Benthic-pelagic coupling in a deep-sea benthic community
TL;DR: In this article, the response by a deep-sea benthic community to a pulse of natural organic matter occurs within days, and in terms of activity and biomass, this rapid response was evident to a sediment depth of 9 cm.
Journal ArticleDOI
The biology of deep-sea foraminifera; a review of some advances and their applications in paleoceanography
TL;DR: Foraminifera commonly dominate ocean-floor eukaryotic communities and are the most abundant benthic organisms to be preserved in the post-Paleozoic deep-sea fossil record as discussed by the authors.
Journal ArticleDOI
Northeastern Atlantic benthic foraminifera during the last 45,000 years: Changes in productivity seen from the bottom up
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors studied benthic foraminifera from the last 45 kyr in the >63 mu m size fraction in Biogeochemical Ocean Flux Studies (BOFS) cores at a time resolution of several hundreds to a thousand years.