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Journal ArticleDOI

Certain Topics in Telegraph Transmission Theory

Harry Nyquist
- 01 Apr 1928 - 
- Vol. 47, Iss: 2, pp 617-644
TLDR
A considerable portion of the paper describes and illustrates a method for expressing the criteria of distortionless transmission in terms of the steady-state characteristics of the system, and of the minimum frequency range required for transmission at a given speed of signaling.
Abstract
The most obvious method for determining the distortion of telegraph signals is to calculate the transients of the telegraph system. This method has been treated by various writers, and solutions are available for telegraph lines with simple terminal conditions. It is well known that the extension of the same methods to more complicated terminal conditions, which represent the usual terminal apparatus, leads to great difficulties. The present paper attacks the same problem from the alternative standpoint of the steady-state characteristics of the system. This method has the advantage over the method of transients that the complication of the circuit which results from the use of terminal apparatus does not complicate the calculations materially. This method of treatment necessitates expressing the criteria of distortionless transmission in terms of the steady-state characteristics. Accordingly, a considerable portion of the paper describes and illustrates a method for making this translation. A discussion is given of the minimum frequency range required for transmission at a given speed of signaling. In the case of carrier telegraphy, this discussion includes a comparison of single-sideband and double-sideband transmission. A number of incidental topics is also discussed.

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Citations
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Capacity Limits of Optical Fiber Networks

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Iterative hard thresholding for compressed sensing

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The Shannon sampling theorem—Its various extensions and applications: A tutorial review

TL;DR: In this paper, the authors present the various contributions made for the sampling theorems with the necessary mathematical details to make it self-contained, including sampling for functions of more than one variable, random processes, nonuniform sampling, nonband-limited functions, implicit sampling, sampling with the function and its derivatives as suggested by Shannon in his original paper, and sampling for general integral transforms.
References
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Journal ArticleDOI

Measurement of Telegraph Transmission

TL;DR: Methods for measuring this distortion and for analyzing the results so as to indicate the nature and extent of the impairment and its probable cause are described.
Journal ArticleDOI

Submarine Cable Telegraphy

TL;DR: In this paper, the history of the development of the subject is outlined, and methods of operation of cables are described, and a general method of analysis is developed, based upon an extension of ordinary alternating-current theory.
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