Journal ArticleDOI
Charting early trajectories of executive control with the shape school
Caron A. C. Clark,Tiffany D. Sheffield,Nicolas Chevalier,Jennifer Mize Nelson,Sandra A. Wiebe,Kimberly Andrews Espy +5 more
Reads0
Chats0
TLDR
Growth trajectories for inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility across the preschool period in relation to child sex and sociofamilial resources are described and the critical role of stimulating early educational resources for shaping the dynamic ontogeny of executive control is highlighted.Abstract:
Despite acknowledgement of the importance of executive control for learning and behavior, there is a dearth of research charting its developmental trajectory as it unfolds against the background of children's sociofamilial milieus. Using a prospective, cohort-sequential design, this study describes growth trajectories for inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility across the preschool period in relation to child sex and sociofamilial resources. At ages 3, 3.75, 4.5, and 5.25 years, children (N = 388) from a broad range of social backgrounds were assessed using the Shape School, a graduated measure of executive control incorporating baseline, inhibitory control, and cognitive flexibility conditions. Measures of children's proximal access to learning resources and social network supports were collected at study entry. Findings revealed substantial gains in accuracy and speed for all Shape School conditions, these gains being particularly accelerated between ages 3 and 3.75 years. Improvements in inhibitory control were more rapid than those in flexible switching. Age-related differences in error and self-correction patterns on the Shape School also suggest qualitative changes in the underlying processes supporting executive performance across early childhood. Children from homes with fewer learning resources showed a subtle lag in inhibition and cognitive flexibility performance that persisted at kindergarten entry age, despite exhibiting gradual catch up to their more advantaged peers for the nonexecutive, baseline task condition. The study provides a unique characterization of the early developmental pathways for inhibitory control and cognitive flexibility and highlights the critical role of stimulating early educational resources for shaping the dynamic ontogeny of executive control.read more
Citations
More filters
Journal ArticleDOI
Socioeconomic status and executive function: developmental trajectories and mediation.
TL;DR: Effects of early SES remained consistent through middle childhood, indicating that the relation between early indicators of SES and EF emerges in childhood and persists without narrowing or widening across early and middle childhood.
Journal ArticleDOI
Parenting Influences on Executive Function in Early Childhood: A Review
TL;DR: This article reviewed the emerging evidence as it pertains to the parenting behaviors associated with executive function, the risk and protective factors that moderate these associations, and the mechanisms through which parenting apparently operates on emerging executive function.
Journal ArticleDOI
The development of self-regulation across early childhood.
TL;DR: Investigation of the development of behavioral self-regulation between the ages of 3 and 7 years finds that majority of children develop self- regulation rapidly during early childhood, and that children follow 3 distinct developmental patterns of growth.
Journal ArticleDOI
Fathers matter: The role of father parenting in preschoolers’ executive function development
TL;DR: It was found that fathers' controlling parenting was significantly inversely related to the child EF composite, above and beyond family income and child verbal ability.
Journal ArticleDOI
Do children's executive functions account for associations between early autonomy-supportive parenting and achievement through high school?
TL;DR: Mediation analyses demonstrated that over and above other attributes, children's executive functions partially accounted for the association between early autonomy-supportive parenting and children's subsequent achievement.
References
More filters
Book
Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis
Judith D. Singer,John B. Willett +1 more
TL;DR: In this paper, a framework for investigating change over time is presented, where the multilevel model for change is introduced and a framework is presented for investigating event occurrence over time.
Journal ArticleDOI
Brain development during childhood and adolescence: a longitudinal MRI study.
Jay N. Giedd,Jonathan D. Blumenthal,Neal Jeffries,F X Castellanos,Hong Liu,Alex P. Zijdenbos,Tomáš Paus,Alan C. Evans,Judith L. Rapoport +8 more
TL;DR: This large-scale longitudinal pediatric neuroimaging study confirmed linear increases in white matter, but demonstrated nonlinear changes in cortical gray matter, with a preadolescent increase followed by a postadolescent decrease.
Journal ArticleDOI
Executive function in preschoolers: A review using an integrative framework.
TL;DR: The authors focus on 3 EF components: working memory, response inhibition, and shifting and conceive of the central executive as a central attention system that is involved in all EF component operations.
Journal ArticleDOI
A comparison of inclusive and restrictive strategies in modern missing data procedures.
TL;DR: A simulation was presented to assess the potential costs and benefits of a restrictive strategy, which makes minimal use of auxiliary variables, versus an inclusive strategy,Which shows that the inclusive strategy is to be greatly preferred.
Journal ArticleDOI
Individual differences in inhibitory control and children's theory of mind.
TL;DR: It is suggested that IC may be a crucial enabling factor for ToM development, possibly affecting both the emergence and expression of mental state knowledge.