Children are more exploratory and learn more than adults in an approach-avoid task
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The authors found that preschoolers and early school-aged children explore more than adults and learn the true structure of the environment better than adults, even though they, like adults, predict that exploration will be costly.About:
This article is published in Cognition.The article was published on 2022-01-01 and is currently open access. It has received 14 citations till now. The article focuses on the topics: Task (project management) & Exploratory research.read more
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Lower Levels of Directed Exploration and Reflective Thinking Are Associated With Greater Anxiety and Depression
Ryan Scott Smith,S. Taylor,Robert C. Wilson,Anne E. Chuning,Michelle R. Persich,Siyu Wang,William D.S. Killgore +6 more
TL;DR: This paper found significant associations between reflective cognition and strategic information-seeking behavior or "directed exploration" and negative relationships between these measures and anxiety/depression symptoms, and suggested that the relationship between directed exploration and depression/anxiety was due in part to an ambiguity aversion promoting exploration in conditions where informationseeking was not beneficial (as opposed to only being due to underexploration when more information would aid future choices).
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Children’s Evolved Learning Abilities and Their Implications for Education
TL;DR: In this article , the authors examine children's evolved learning mechanisms that make humans the most educable of animals, including skeletal perceptual and cognitive mechanisms that get fleshed out over the course of development, mainly through play; a high level of plasticity that is greatest early in life but that persists into adulthood; and dispositions toward exploration and play.
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Exploration heuristics decrease during youth
Magda Dubois,Aislinn Bowler,Madeleine E. Moses-Payne,Johanna Habicht,Rani Moran,Nikolaus Steinbeis,Tobias U. Hauser +6 more
TL;DR: For instance, this paper found an increased usage of a computationally light exploration heuristic in younger groups, effectively accommodating their limited neurocognitive resources, and this heuristic was associated with self-reported, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder symptoms in this population-based sample.
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Self-motivated and directed learning across the lifespan.
TL;DR: In this article , the role of personal motivators, such as beliefs in selfefficacy and personality traits, in self-motivated and directed learning across the lifespan is discussed.
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The benefits of immature cognitive control: How distributed attention guards against learning traps
TL;DR: This paper used eye tracking to examine the role of attentional control during learning in succumbing to learning traps, where useful information may be ignored and missed, and learners may fall into "learning traps" where they fail to realize that what they ignore carries important information.
References
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Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning
TL;DR: In this paper, the authors consider the relation between the exploration of new possibilities and the exploitation of old certainties in organizational learning and examine some complications in allocating resources between the two, particularly those introduced by the distribution of costs and benefits across time and space.
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Early language acquisition: cracking the speech code
TL;DR: New data show that infants use computational strategies to detect the statistical and prosodic patterns in language input, and that this leads to the discovery of phonemes and words.
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Recent developments in modeling preferences: Uncertainty and ambiguity
Colin F. Camerer,Martin Weber +1 more
TL;DR: In subjective expected utility (SEU), the decision weights people attach to events are their beliefs about the likelihood of events as discussed by the authors, and it has been shown that people prefer to bet on events they know more about.
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Beyond the Turk: Alternative platforms for crowdsourcing behavioral research
TL;DR: This article found that participants on both platforms were more naive and less dishonest compared to MTurk participants, and ProA and CrowdFlower participants produced data quality that was higher than CF's and comparable to M-Turk's.
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Should I stay or should I go? How the human brain manages the trade-off between exploitation and exploration
TL;DR: A brief review of work on exploration versus exploitation is provided, how exploration and exploitation may be mediated in the brain is discussed and some promising future directions for research are highlighted.